20 THE HUMAN KINGDOM. 



such a case possesses most value, Professor K. Owen, lias not 

 feared to say, that the distinction between man and certain 

 primates is the great difficulty felt by all anatomists.* Let 

 us pass on to intellect. 



All animals feel, understand, and think (M. Flourens and 

 M. de Quatrefages), they dream, are capable of feeling distrust, 

 fear, joy,f sorrow, jealousy, etc. ; in fact, the entire list of human 

 passions. J All this is amply proved by a thousand examples ; 

 who does not remember the accounts of seals, elephants, dogs, 

 which have become celebrated, and which men who have lived 

 a short time with animals may see repeated every day ? Only 

 read the admirable account given by Buffon of the intelligence 

 of the dog; again, the detailed and valuable history which F. 

 Cuvier has left us concerning the orang-outang in the Museum, 

 without forgetting that this history could be neither complete 

 nor perfect on account of the various circumstances in which 

 the animal was placed, far from his own country, and under an 

 ungenial sky. 



Dr. Yvan, attached to the expedition which the French 

 government sent to China in 1843, has given us an ac- 

 count of an orang-outang at Borneo, which is, perhaps, the 

 best plea in favour of the connexion between primates and 

 mankind. Tuan, as this animal was called, began to dress 

 himself directly a bit of any stuff, or cloth, got in his way.|| On 

 one occasion, when his master had taken a mangrove from him, 

 ' ' he uttered plaintive cries like a child when it is sulky. This 



* R. Owen, On the Characters of the Class Mammalia, 1857, p. 20, note. 

 The illustrious savant has himself treated on this subject, ex professo, in the 

 catalogue of the collection in the College of Surgeons. 



f " The orang-outang is capable of a kind of laugh when pleasantly ex- 

 cited," J. Grant, "Account of the Structure of an Orang-Outang" (Edin- 

 burgh Journal of Science, vol. ix, 1828). 



J Artificial love itself, with all the complexity of ideas which it is supposed 

 must thence arise, is not, as one may think, the debauchery of civilisation ; 

 it belongs to animals akin to man as well as to man himself. See Ch. Robin 

 and Beraud, Precis de la Physiologie de I'Homme, vol. ii, p. 384. It is the 

 same with impure connection, or coupling, radically inexplicable by instinct. 

 See Isidore Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, Histoire Naturelle Generate des Regnes 

 Organiques, vol. iii, p. 142. 



Doctor Yvan commanded the Archimedes ; he has written an account of 

 his voyage : Voyages et Recits, Brussels, 1853, 2 vols. in 12mo. 



|| " The Australians only wear woollen clothing in order to protect the 

 chest ; ... no idea of shame has ever led them to hide the natural parts." 

 Lesson et Garnol, Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1827, vol. x. 



