New Red Series. 153 



shire. They surround all the midland coal-fields and 

 Permian beds between Shrewsbury, Coventry, and 

 Derby, and from thence, everywhere unconformably 

 overlying the Permian rocks, they stretch north in a 

 long band from Nottingham to the river Tees. 1 The 

 general arrangement of these strata will be easily 

 understood by help of the diagram, p. 1 54. 



No fossils are known in the New Red or Bunter 

 Sandstones of England, but a few marine shells are 

 found in equivalent strata on the Continent. 



In England, above the Upper soft red sandstone are 

 beds of red, white, and brown (Keuper) sandstone, with 

 interstratifications of red marl, often ripple-marked, 

 and containing bones and footprints, chiefly of Laby- 

 rinthodont reptiles, together with a few plants and a 

 peculiar fish, Dipteronotus cyphus, found near Broms- 

 grove, in Worcestershire. The larger impressions of 

 footprints are 8 to 10 inches in length, and in front of 

 each there often is a smaller one made by the forefoot, 

 fig. 33. 



In beds of Magnesian conglomerate at the base of, and 

 associated with the New Eed Marl at the edge of the 

 Mendip Hills, Dr. Riley and Mr. Stutchbury discovered 



1 The Muschelkalk (absent in Britain) may be well seen, among 

 other places, near Gotha, and at Eisenach, in Thuringia. It is a grey 

 shelly limestone, rich in Terebratulce, Trigonicc, Nyce, Plagiostomas, 

 Aviculce, Oysters, and Pectens. The genus Ceratites, closely allied 

 to, if not a true Ammonite, occurs here. Lamellibranchiate molluscs, 

 some of new genera, abound as individuals, while Brachiopoda (ex- 

 cepting Terebratulce) sink in the scale. 



At Guttenstein and Werfen, in the Austrian Alps, there are 

 strata at the base of the New Ked Sandstone which are not 

 Permian, and which contain a rich and peculiar fauna Ammo- 

 nites, Belemnites, and other secondary forms, being mixed witli 

 OrtJwceratites, Goniatites, and other genera usually considered 

 characteristic of Palaeozoic times. 



