266 Miocene Mammalia and 



Deer, Wild boar, and Squirrels still occur in Switzer- 

 land. Of the others, the Lagomys, a hare-like rodent, 

 inhabits the temperate zone in Asia and North America, 

 while five are denizens of warm and torrid zones, viz. 

 the Gibbons in India, the Opossums in South America, 

 the Rhinoceros and Musk-deer in India and Africa, and 

 the Tapirs in India and South America. We may, 

 therefore, believe that the climate was warm. Some of 

 the details of this very interesting fauna are as 

 follows : 



In the Miocene rocks of Switzerland there is found 

 an Opossum, Didelphys Blainvillei, Palceotherium 

 Schinzii, a Tapir T. Helveticus, and Listriodon 

 splendens, closely allied to the Tapirs. Also two 

 species of Mastodon, M. tapiroides and M. turicen- 

 8i8 9 nearly allied to Elephants, and Dinotherium 

 giganteum, somewhat allied to the Mastodon. Five 

 species of Ehinoceros are known besides Anchithe- 

 rium Aurelianense, a mammal of equine affinities, 

 and Hipparion gracile, which may be described as a 

 three-toed horse, having on each side of the middle hoof 

 two smaller toes which did not touch the ground. Six 

 generas and eleven species of swine-like animals are 

 known, two of which belong to the existing genus Sus, 

 while the others are of extinct genera, but some of them 

 closely allied to those still living. Of ruminant animals 

 we find the Chalicotherium antiquum, allied to the 

 Eocene Anoplotheria, and as large as the Indian Ehino- 

 ceros, together with two species of ruminants, smaller 

 than a rabbit, Microtherium Renggeri, and M . Cartieri. 

 Besides these there are found fossil, two species of 

 Musk-deer, Moschus Aurelianensis, and M. aquaticus, 

 and Dorcatherium Naui, somewhat allied, but differing 

 in having seven molar teeth in the lower jaw, while the 



