Ice-marks. 399 



Rathlin off the coast of Antrim, 1 and being largely re- 

 inforced by tributary ice that descended from the Gallo- 

 way mountains and all the high lands, the slopes of 

 which, then filled with tributary ice, now send rivers 

 into the Solway, the advancing mass invaded the 

 area called the Irish Sea, where, it was still further 

 swelled by the glaciers that descended from the moun- 

 tains of Cumberland. 



These facts are further confirmed by observations in 

 the Isle of Man by the Rev. J. Gr. Gumming, who shows 

 that the chief glacial striations in that island trend 

 from NNE. to SSW. as if the ice that made them, 

 travelled from the high ground of Kirkcudbrightshire 

 and the northern borders of the Solway Firth. 



If we now go into the interior of the country what 

 do we find ? First, it is obvious to anyone with an eye 

 educated in glacial phenomena, that the whole of the 

 mountains of Cumbria and Westmoreland have been 

 buried in ice during the period of extremest cold. 

 Though now somewhat ruined by time, their mam- 

 millated forms proclaim it, and in the time that the 

 glacier-ice attained its maximum, that ice, pressed on 

 by ice coming from the north, must have passed south- 

 ward into and far beyond Morecambe Bay. East of 

 this mountain-land, between the rivers Kent and Lune, 

 almost all the striations run about SSW. while a very 

 few trend near south-westerly, while on all the high 

 Fells on both sides of the Kibble, the prevailing 

 direction of the striae is either south or a few degrees 

 west of south, as shown by Mr. R. H. Tiddeman in his 

 memoir c On the Ice-Sheet in North Lancashire and 

 adjacent parts of Yorkshire and Westmoreland.' 2 I am 



1 Vividly described by Mr. J. Geikie, * Great Ice Age,' chap. xxiv. 



2 'Journal of the Geological Society,' vol. xviii., 1872, p. 471. 



