446 Cumberland Lakes. 



basin. All the lakes in Cumberland that I have ex- 

 amined (and of which I have seen soundings) lie in true 

 rock-basins (unless, in some cases, a few of the smaller 

 ones may be dammed up by mere moraines or other 

 superficial detritus) ; and this has been confirmed by 

 Mr. Ward in his various memoirs on the glaciation of 

 Cumberland, published in the ' Journal of the Geological 

 Society.' I was also informed by the late Professor 

 Jukes, and personally know, that the glacial origin of 

 many of the celebrated lakes in Ireland, and of others 

 unknown to fame is equally clear. Professor Hull 

 also has confirmed the view that great numbers of the 

 lakes in Ireland lie in veritable rock-basins, often 

 crowded together in districts some of which I have not 

 yet seen. Few or no parts of Britain have been more 

 intensely glaciated than Ireland, and, indeed, all of these 

 regions have been extremely abraded by glacier-ice. 



In Scotland, in the southern hills, and in Kirk- 

 cudbrightshire and Ayrshire, there are many truly 

 rock-bound lake-basins scooped out of the Silurian rocks 

 of the Carrick Hills. If anyone wants a convincing 

 proof let him go to Loch Doon, where at the outflow of 

 the lake he may see the rocks perfectly moutonnee and 

 well grooved, slipping under the water in a manner that 

 unmistakably marks an ice-worn rocky barrier, while 

 elsewhere all round the lake is circled by mountains, 

 the highest of which is more than 2,800 feet in height. 

 In the Shetlands and the Orkneys, in the Lewes and all 

 the Western Islands, in Sutherland, Inverness-shire, 

 Perthshire, Dumbartonshire, and the Mull of Cantyre, 

 the country is, as it were, sown with lakes a number 

 of which I can testify by personal observation lie in 

 true rock-basins. 



Let anyone climb to the summit of Suilven in 



