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CHAPTER XXVIII. 



NEWER PLIOCENE EPOCH, CONTINUED BONE-CAVES, AND 



TRACES OF MAN MIGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS 



INTO BRITAIN ACROSS THE DRIFT PLAINS SUBSEQUENT 



SEPARATION OF BRITAIN FROM THE CONTINENT DENU- 

 DATION OF THE COASTS OF BRITAIN. 



I HAVE already said, and will here briefly recapitulate, 

 that, during the Tertiary and later epochs, England has 

 been repeatedly joined to the mainland : a circum- 

 stance proved by the mammalia that migrated hither 

 after each successive emergence. Our Eocene ter- 

 restrial fauna, of a very antique type, is the same as 

 that of the Eocene strata of France ; our Miocene fauna 

 (if the mammalia found in the Crag migrated hither 

 in late Miocene times) is of the same general type as the 

 fauna of some later Miocene phases of the Continent 

 and this type, with important modifications, still con- 

 tinued after the Crag was raised out of the sea, and 

 England wa again joined to the Continent during the 

 time that the vegetation of the ' Forest Bed ' flourished. 

 In the main the mammalian Miocene fauna of the 

 world was the obvious predecessor of the fauna of the 

 present day. The species are mostly different, the 

 types mostly are the same. 



In this ( Forest-bed,' elephants, hippopotami, rhino- 

 ceroses, horses, deer, oxen, pigs, a tiger, and bears, 

 beavers, and other mammals abound, most of them of 



