468 Caves, Creswell Crags. 



the explorers found c teeth and bones of the bear, the 

 fox, the hare, the reindeer, the hyaena, and the woolly 

 rhinoceros and horse. Together with these were found 

 numerous flint implements, mostly chips and flakes, but 

 some few of them were carefully wrought lanceolate 

 weapons, trimmed on either side.' 



'The cave-earth below the Breccia contained the 

 relics of a similar fauna, with one or two additions, but 

 a different type of implements was met with . . . 

 none presenting the more elaborately-shaped forms of 

 those of the Breccia.' One or two are of bone, and 

 numerous implements of quartzite rudely fashioned 

 from water-worn pebbles, and, as pointed out by Professor 

 Dawkins, they are of an earlier type than those found 

 in the overlying Breccia. 



The red sand bed at the base of all also contained 

 relics of most of the animals common in the overlying 

 strata, but no traces of human bones or works have yet 

 been found therein. 



Exclusive of the uppermost part of the Breccia, 

 No. ^, the following remains of Mammalia have been 

 found : Man, Lion (var. Felis spelcea), Hycena spelcea, 

 the Fox, Wolf, Bears (Ursus ferox and U. arctos), 

 Cervus Megaceros (great Irish deer), .Reindeer, 

 Bison prisons, Horse, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Elephas 

 primigenius (Mammoth), Pig and Hare. 



One point seems to be certain, that between the 

 Romano-British epoch and the sub-epochs recorded in 

 the table of strata given above there is a great gulf. 

 From the historical epoch we make a sudden leap ' in 

 the dark backward and abysm of time,' into the ele- 

 phantine era of Palaeolithic man, for no instrument 

 of Neolithic type has been found in any of the caverns. 

 Further, the remains indicate two climatal stages, ' when 



