Cefn Cave, 469 



man, the hunter and fisherman, endured all the vicissi- 

 tudes of a climate, at one time mild enough for the Hip- 

 popotamus to be an occupant of the Yorkshire rivers, x 

 at another so severe that amid the snow and ice of an 

 Arctic winter he would have to struggle for existence 

 in company with the Eeindeer, the Glutton, and the 

 Arctic Fox.' 



As these and many other caves of England are 

 doubtless of pre-glacial origin as to their original scoop- 

 ing out, it may well be that some of the bones are as 

 old as those found beneath the boulder-beds of the Vic- 

 toria Cave, but of this there is no absolute proof. 



The next caves I have to mention are those on the 

 western side of the Vale of Clwyd, which lie in the 

 escarpment of the Carboniferous Limestone that rises 

 from under the New Ked Sandstone which fills the lower 

 part of the valley. One of these is the well-known 

 bone-bearing cave of Cefn, described in 1833 by Mr. 

 Stanley, afterwards Bishop of Norwich. This cave and 

 part of its contents I have seen along with Mrs. Wynn 

 of Cefn, and the late Dr. Falconer, whose researches on 

 the extinct mammalia of India are so well known. 

 Among the bones found in the cave are Elephas anti- 

 quus (the ancient representative of the modern African 

 elephant), Rhinoceros hemitcechus, Hippopotamus, 

 Cave-Bear, Spotted Hysena, and Reindeer. In this 

 cave a human skull and cut antlers of a stag were 

 discovered 'in the lower entrance,' as described by 

 Professor Boyd Dawkins, but no attempt has been 

 made to separate the flint implements found in these 

 caves into Palaeolithic and Neolithic ; 1 nor has anyone 

 determined that any of the bones belonged to distinct 



1 See pp. 540 and 545 for figures of Palaeolithic and Neolithic 

 flint implements. 



