47 Paviland Cave. 



pre- Glacial, inter- Glacial, or post-Glacial epochs. My 

 own strong impression for I may not call it convic- 

 tion is, that some or all of the bones found a way 

 into the Cefn Cave before the partial submersion of 

 Wales during the Glacial epoch, and were sealed 

 therein before the shelly sands were deposited in the 

 cavern, as recorded at page 462. 



It is certain that the Vale of Clwyd at that time 

 was occupied by the sea, for the Boulder-clay of the 

 banks of the River Elwy is charged with well-preserved 

 sea-shells, and if Moel Try fan was submerged 1,175 feet, 

 it, is unlikely that the Vale of Clwyd did not suffer 

 something like an equal submergence. ElepTi.as anti- 

 quus and Elephas primigenius are alike known as 

 animals that lived, the last in Glacial, and the former, 

 in pre- Glacial time, and if, as I believe, the former be 

 the ancestral precursor of the African, and the latter 

 of the Indian elephant, it may be hard to determine 

 which has the oldest ancestry as a distinct species, 

 while it is by no means certain that both species may 

 not have crossed into the British area before the advent 

 of the Glacial epoch. 



Go-ing further south, the limestone cliffs of the 

 promontory of Gower are penetrated by no fewer than 

 ten caverns, all of which have been more or less ex- 

 plored one, the Paviland Cave, by Dr. Buckland in 

 1823, and the others by Colonel Wood since 1848. 

 They yielded a vast number of bones, according to 

 Falconer of almost every species elsewhere known 

 in British caves, including E. primigenius and E. 

 antiquus, Rhinoceros primigenius, and R. hemi- 

 tcechus, Hippopotamus major, Hyaena, Cave-Bear, 

 Wolf, Fox, &c., and in one cave, called Bosco's Den, 

 there were found a thousand shed antlers of the Eein- 



