Pavi land Cave. 471 



deer, which were extracted by Colonel Wood. In one of 

 the caves, called Long Hole, he made the important 

 discovery of Rhinoceros tichorhinus, and R. hemi- 

 tcechus, along with manufactured flint knives in the 

 same undisturbed deposit. 



In the Paviland Cave, which was unscientifically 

 opened before it was visited by Dr. Buckland, there 

 were found the remains of the Mammoth, Woolly Rhino- 

 ceros, Hyaena, Cave-Bear, and many other animals in 

 red earth, under the usual crust of stalagmite which 

 formed the upper floor. With these was found a human 

 skeleton, stained red by infiltration of an oxide of iron, 

 and called by the quarrymen, ' the red lady of Paviland.' 

 According to Dr. Buckland, the contents of the cavern 

 seemed to have been disturbed by old diggings, and it 

 was therefore his opinion that the body had been buried 

 there at some ancient time. This cave must probably 

 have been inhabited, for charcoal and sea-shells of edible 

 species were found in it, and near the skeleton some 

 carved beads and ornaments of ivory, possibly made 

 from the tusks of the Mammoth, which with the skull 

 lay close by the body. It is also said that a small 

 chipped flint was found in the same place. 



I have no doubt that the antiquity of this famous 

 skeleton must be very great, but who can tell how old, 

 not in years, but according to standards of comparative 

 geological antiquity ? Even though the debris had been 

 disturbed there is no valid reason why the man should 

 not have been coeval with the Mammoth and his con- 

 temporary Mammalia, for the figure of that great hairy 

 elephant, with its enormous curved tusks carved on its 

 own ivory, has been found at La Madelaine in the Dor- 

 dogne; and in Denmark there was found a skull of 

 this species with a flint arrow-head sticking in the 



