Advent of Man. 48 1 



As far as caves are concerned, this concludes the 

 evidence of the co-existence of savage man with a 

 mammalian fauna, some of the species of which are ex- 

 tinct ; but excepting the Victoria Cave, none of the 

 others yield any direct evidence as to whether man lived 

 in these regions before or, at least, during part of the 

 Glacial epoch (see p. 466). Something else, however, 

 remains to be said on this part of the subject when I 

 come to treat of river- gravels and alluvia. 1 



The antiquity of man being thus clearly established, 

 it becomes obvious that his advent into our area was 

 either of pre-Glacial or of inter-Glacial date. I say in- 

 ter-Glacial, because Mr. Skertchly has lately discovered 

 palaeolithic flint implements in certain brick-earths. 

 Similar, and I believe identical brick-earths underlie 

 the ' Chalky boulder-clay ' in the neighbourhood, the 

 boulder-clay having been removed by denudation from 

 that portion of the brick-earth in which the implements 

 were found at Botany Bay near Thetford in Suffolk. 

 The announcement at once provoked strenuous opposi- 

 tion, and therefore on a tour of inspection of Mr. 



1 A list of cave mammalia is given by Professor Boyd Dawkins in 

 a memoir in the Journ. Geol. Society, 1869, vol. xxv. p. 194. His 

 entire list contains 46 or 47 species, as follows ; Man, Rhinolophus 

 ferum-equinum, Sorex vulgaris, Ursus arctos, U. spelseus, U. ferox , 

 Gulo luscus, (the Glutton), Meles taxus, Mustela erminea, M. 

 putorius, M. martes, Lutra vulgaris, Canis vulpes, C. lupus, Hyaena 

 spelsea, Felis catus, F. pardus, F. leo, F. lynx, Machairodus latidens, 

 Cervus megaceros, Alces malchis, Cervus Browni, C. tarandus, C. 

 capreolus, C. elaphus, Bos primigenius, Bison priscus, Hippopotamus 

 major, Sus scrofa, Equus caballus, Rhinoceros leptorhinus, R. 

 tichorhinus, Elephas antiquus, E. primigenius, Lemmus, Lepus 

 curriculus, L. timidus, Lagomys spelaeus, Spermophilus erythro- 



genoides, S. (?), Arvicola pratensis, A. agrestis, A amphibius, 



Castor fiber, Mus musculus. Mr. Pengelley has written many 

 important papers on Bone- Caves and their connection with pre- 

 historic man. 



I I 



