Mammalia and Flint Implements. 537 



to a lower level, thus cutting out the terraces in succes- 

 sion, marked Nos. 5, 6, and 7. 



It often happens, that alluvial and gravelly deposits s 

 that sometimes even cap minor hills are left marking 

 ancient levels of rivers ; and in such gravels, sands, and 

 loams, the bones of animals of extinct and living species 

 have been often found, together with the palaeolithic 

 handiwork of ancient races of men. 



Viewed as a whole, the remains of mammalia found 

 in these river beds, have been generally believed to be of 

 post-Glacial age, and in this opinion I coincide with re- 

 gard to some of the rivers. One circumstance is, however, 



FIG. ill. 



worthy of special remark, that to a great extent they are 

 identical in the river gravels of the southern half of 

 England, with the species found in the British bone- 

 caves, a list of which is given at page 48 1. 1 They 

 consist of the White and Cave Bears, the Ermine, the 

 Otter, Fox, Wolf, Hyaena (spelcea), Lion, the Red-deer, 

 Reindeer, and Cervus megaceros, the Musk-sheep, Ox and 

 Bison, Hippopotamus (major). Pig, Horse, two species 

 of Rhinoceros (JR. leptorkinus and It. hemitcechus),tvfo 

 species of Elephants (E.primigenius&nd E. antiquus), 

 Hare-rat (Lagomys spelceus\ Spermophilus (a 



1 The Cave Mammalia, also known in river deposits, are Rliino- 

 loplms, ferum-equinum, Vespertllio noctula, Sorex vulgaris, Ursus 

 Arotos, Gulo luscus, Meles taxus, Mustela putorius, M. martes, Felis 

 catus, F. pardii, F. lynx, Macliairodus latidens, A Ices malchis, Cervus 

 JBroivni, Rhinoceros leptorMnus (?), Leptis cnniculus, Lagomys spel&us, 

 Spermophilus erytlirogenoides, Arviwla pratensis, A. agrestis, A. 

 s, and Castor fiber. DAWKINS, 



