566 North of England. 



\ 



park-like arrangement of the trees, the soft grassy 

 slopes leading the eye on to the upland terraces of 

 limestone or sandstone, which, when we look up the 

 valleys, are lost in a long perspective, the uppermost 

 terrace of all sometimes standing out against the sky, 

 like the relic of a great Cyclopean city of unknown 

 date, as in the time-weathered grits of Brimham Bocks. 

 These together present a series of scenes quite unique 

 in the scenery of England. 



The larger part of this northern territory is there- 

 fore, because of the moist climate of the hilly region, 

 devoted to pasture land, as is also the case with large 

 portions of Cumberland and the other north-western 

 counties of England, excepting the Vale of Eden and 

 the southern shores of the Solway, where the Permian 

 rocks and the boulder-clays of that noble valley gene- 

 rally form excellent soils, well watered by the Eden and 

 all its tributary streams that rise in the mountains of 

 Westmoreland and Cumberland, and the high broad- 

 topped hills of Northumberland and Durham. The 

 high mountain tracts of Cumbria are known to all 

 British tourists for their wild pastoral character, inter- 

 sected by exquisite strips of retired green alluvial 

 valleys, and the famous lakes, sometimes wild and bare of 

 trees, but often so well-wooded and luxuriant. This is 

 essentially the lake-country of Britain south of the 

 border, for all the lakes in Wales would probably not 

 suffice to fill Windermere with water. 



The same general pastoral character that is charac- 

 teristic of Cumberland and Westmoreland is also 

 observable in Wales, where disturbance of the Palaeozoic 

 rocks has resulted in the elevation of a great range, or 

 rather of a cluster of mountains the highest south of 

 the Tweed. In that old Principality, and also in the 



