Ch. XVI.] ALLUVIUMS FRESH- WATER STRATA. 219 



species), deer, a great variety, canis, otter, beaver, hare, and 

 water-rat *. 



Velay. In Velay a somewhat similar group of mammiferous 

 remains were found by Dr. Hibbert f , in a bed of volcanic 

 scoria? and tuff, inclosed between two beds of basaltic lava, at 

 Saint-Privat d'Allier. Some of the bones were found ad- 

 hering to the slaggy lava. Among the animals were Rhino- 

 ceros leptorhinus, Hyaena spelaea, and another species allied 

 to the spotted hyaena of the Cape, together with four undeter- 

 mined species of deer J. 



At Cussac and Solilhac, one league from Puy en Velay, 

 M. Robert discovered, in an ancient alluvium covered with 

 lava, the remains of Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros lepto- 

 rhinus, Tapir arvernensis, horse (two species), deer (seven spe- 

 cies), ox (two species), and an antelope. 



Orleanais. In the Orleanais, at Avaray, Chevilly, les Aides, 

 and les Barres, fossil land quadrupeds have been found asso- 

 ciated with fluviatile shells and reptiles, identical with those 

 found in the marine faluns of Touraine . These are sup- 

 posed, with great probability, by M. Desnoyers, to mark the 

 passage of streams which flowed towards the sea in which the 

 faluns were deposited. They bear the same relation to the 

 Miocene strata of Touraine, as part of the ancient gravel and 

 silt of England, containing the bones of elephants and other 

 extinct animals, probably bear to the crag. 



MIOCENE FRESH-WATER FORMATIONS. 



Upper Val d'Arno. There are a great number of isolated 

 tertiary formations, of fresh-water origin, resting on primary 

 and secondary rocks in different parts of Europe, in the same 



* Recherches sur les Oss. Foss. du Dept. du Puy de Dome, 4to., 1828. Essai 

 Geol. et Mineral, sur les Environs d'Issoire, Dept. du Puy de Dome, folio, 1827. 



f Edin. Journ. of Sci., No. 4, New Series, p. 276. 



J Figures of some of these remains are given by M. Bertrand de Doue, Ann. de 

 la Soc. d'Agricult. de Puy, 1828. 



MM. Desnoyers and Lockart, Bulletin de la Soc. Geol., torn, ii, p. 336. 



