Ch. XVI.] UPPER VAL D'ARNO CADIBONA. 221 



Cervus megaceros, (?) C. Valdarnensis, C. , new species, 



Bos, bubalo affinis, B. urus and B. taurus. 



Cuvier also mentions the remains of a species of lophiodon 

 as occurring among the bones in the Upper Val d'Arno *. 

 The elephant of this locality has been called by Nestif meri- 

 dionalis, and is considered by him as distinct from the Siberian 

 fossil species E. primige?iius, with which, however, some eminent 

 comparative anatomists regard it as identical. The skeletons 

 of the hippopotamus are exceedingly abundant ; no less than 

 forty had been procured when I visited Florence in 1828. 

 Remains of the elephant, stag, ox, and horse, are also ex- 

 tremely numerous. In winter the superficial degradation of 

 the soil is so rapid, that bones which the year before were 

 buried are seen to project from the surface of the soil, and 

 are described by the peasants as growing. In this manner the 

 tips of the horns of stags, or of the tusks of hippopotamuses 

 often appear on the surface, and thus lead to the discovery of 

 an entire head or skeleton. 



Cadibona. Another example of an isolated lacustrine de- 

 posit, belonging possibly to the Miocene period, is that which 

 occurs at Cadibona, between Savona and Carcare. Its position 

 is described in the annexed section, which does not however 



No. 55. 



Carcare, 

 c 



Section of the fresh-water formation of Cadibona. 



a. Blue marl and yellow sand (older Pliocene). 



b. Sand, shale and coal of Cadibona (Miocene?). 



c. Green sand, &c. of the Bormida (Miocene). 



d. Chloritic and micaceous schist, serpentine, &c. 



pretend to accuracy in regard to the relative heights of the 

 different rocks, or the distances of the places from each other. 



* Oss. Foss., vol. v. p. 504. 

 f Lettere sopra alcune Ossa Fossili del Val d'Arno, &c. Pisa, 1825. 



