G4 GLOSSARY. 



BLUFFS. High banks presenting a precipitous front to the sea or a 

 river. A term used in the United States of North America. 



BOTRYOIDAL. Resembling a bunch of grapes. Etym.> po-pvc, botrys, 

 a bunch of grapes, and ticoc, eidos, form. 



BOWLDERS. A provincial term for large rounded blocks of stone lying 

 on the surface of the ground, or sometimes imbedded in loose 

 soil, different in composition from the rocks in their vicinity, 

 and which have been therefore transported from a distance. 



BRECCIA. A rock composed of angular fragments connected toge- 

 ther by lime or other mineral substance. An Italian term. 



CALC SINTER. A German name for the deposits from springs hold- 

 ing carbonate of lime in solution petrifying springs. Elym., 

 Kalk, lime, sintern, to drop. 



CALCAIRE GROSSIER. An extensive stratum, or rather series of 

 strata, belonging to the Eocene tertiary period, originally found 

 in, and specially belonging to, the Paris Basin. See Table II. 

 E, p. 390. Etym., Calcairc, limestone, and grassier, coarse. 



CALCAREOUS ROCK. Limestone. Etym., Calx, lime. 



CALCEDONY. A siliceous simple mineral, uncrystallized. Agates 

 are partly composed of calcedony. 



CARBOV. An undecomposed inflammable substance, one of the sim- 

 ple elementary bodies. Charcoal is almost entirely composed 

 of it. Ety?n., Carbo, coal. 



CARBONATE of LIME. Lime combines with great avidity with car- 

 bonic acid, a gaseous acid only obtained fluid when united with 

 water, and all combinations of it with other substances are 

 called Carbonates. All limestones are carbonates of lime, and 

 quick lime is obtained by driving off the carbonic acid by heat. 



CARBONATED SPRINGS. Springs of water, containing carbonic acid 

 gas. They are very common, especially in volcanic countries, and 

 sometimes contain so much gas, that if a little sugar be thrown 

 into the water it effervesces like soda-water. 



CARBONIC ACID GAS. A natural gas which often issues from the 

 ground, especially in volcanic countries. Etym., Carbo, coal, 

 because the gas is obtained by the slow burning of charcoal. 



CARBONIFEROUS. A term usually applied, in a technical sense, to 

 the lowest group of strata of the secondary rocks, see Table II. 

 L, p. 393 ; but any bed containing coal may be said to be car- 

 boniferous. Etym., Carbo, coal, andyi.ro, to bear. 



CATACLYSM. A deluge. Etym., Kra*:Xvw, cataduso, to deluge. 



CEPHALOPODA. A class of molluscous animals, having their organs 

 of motion arranged round their head. Etym., K-a/mA?/, ccphale, 

 head, and Trot^t, voda* feet. 



