GLOSSARY. G5 



I!ETACEA. An order of vertebrated mammiferous animals inhabiting 

 the sea. The whale, dolphin, and narwal, are examples. Etym., 

 Cete, whale. 



UHALK. A white earthy limestone, the uppermost of the secondary 

 series of strata. See Table II. F, p. 390. 



C!HERT. A siliceous mineral, approaching in character to flint, but 

 less homogeneous and simple in texture. 



CHLORITIC SAND. Sand coloured green by an admixture of the 

 simple mineral chlorite. Etym., K\(t>poe, chloros, green. 



COAL FORMATION. This term is generally understood to mean the 

 same as the Coal Measures. See Table II. L, p. 393. There 

 are, however, * coal formations' in all the geological periods, 

 wherever any of the varieties of coal form a principal consti- 

 tuent part of a group of strata. 



COLEOPTERA. An order of insects (Beetles) which have four wings, 

 the upper pair being crustaceous and forming a shield. Etym.t 

 Ko\og, coleos, a shield, and Tn-epov, pteron, a wing. 



CONGENERS. Species which belong to the same genus. 



CONGLOMERATE. Rounded water- worn fragments of rock, or peb- 

 bles, cemented together by another mineral substance, which 

 may be of a siliceous, calcareous, or argillaceous nature. Etym., 

 Con, together, glomero, to heap. 



CONIFERS. An order of plants which, like the fir and pine, bear 

 cones or tops in which the seeds are contained. Etym., Conus, 

 cone, and/ero, to bear. 



COOMB. A provincial name in different parts of England for a 

 valley on the declivity of a hill, and which is generally without 

 water. 



CORNBRASH. A rubbly stone extensively cultivated in Wiltshire for 

 growth of corn. It is a provincial term adopted by Smith. 

 Brash is derived from bre9an, Saxon, to break. See Table II. 

 H, p. 391. 



CORNSTONE. A provincial name for a red limestone, forming a sub- 

 ordinate bed in the Old Red Sandstone group. 



COSMOGONY, COSMOLOGY. Words synonymous in meaning, applied 

 to speculations respecting the first origin or mode of creation of 

 the earth. Etym., Koapog, kosmos, the world, and yovij, gonee, 

 generation, or Xoyoc, logos, discourse. 



CRAG. A provincial name in Norfolk and Suffolk for a deposit, 

 usually of gravel, belonging to the Older Pliocene period. See 

 Table II. C, p. 389. 



CRATER. The circular cavity at the summit of a volcano, from which 

 the volcanic matter is ejected. Etym., Crater, a great cup or bowl. 

 VOL. III. e 



