98 



INDEX. 



Marienforst, blocks of quartz containing 

 casts of fresh-water shells found near, 199 



Marine alluviums, 1-15 



Marine testacea, wide range of, 44, 48 



Marls, sub-Apennine, localities of the, 158, 

 159 



sometimes thinly laminated, 158 



interstratified with lignite and gyp- 

 sum, 159 



capped by basalt at some places, 159 



Martin, Mr., on the Valley of the \Veald, 

 293 



on the transverse valleys of the North 



and South Downs, '299 



i his supposed section of a trans- 



verse valley see wood-cut. No. 74, 300 



his estimate of the thickness of 



strata removed from the summit of the 

 Forest ridge. 31 3 



Maritime Alps, tertiary strain at the base 

 of the, 1G4 



Marsupial animals, their remains found in 

 breccias in Australian caves, 143 



Mascalucia, subsidence on Etna near the 

 town of, 90 



Medesano, lignite in the sub-Apennine marls 

 at, 159 



Mediterranean, organic remains of the, 40 



' distinct from those of the Red Sea, 



41/205 



shells drifted from the Alps into 

 the, 48 



Medway, transverse valley of the, 298, 299 



Meerfelder Maar described, 197 



Melilli, view of a circular valley near see 

 wood-cut No. 23, 110 



inland cliffs seen near, 111 



Merdogne, fresh-water marls intersected by 

 a dike of basalt above the village ef, 259 



Metamorphic, the term proposed and de- 

 fined, 374 



rocks of the Alps, altered lias and 



oolite, 371 



. sometimes pass into sedimentary, 370 



sometimes divided by strong line of 



demarcation, 37G 



in what manner their age should 



be determined, 378 



why those visible to us arc for the 



most part ancient, 380 



why they appear the oldest, 379 



Micaceous schist, whence derived, 373 

 Microscopic fossil shells abundant near 



Sienna, 1G3 



shells of the Paris basin, see Plate 

 IV., 250 



Militello, list of fossil shells from see Ap- 

 pendix II., p. 54 



Mineral character, persistency of, why ap- 

 parently greatest in older rocks, 331 



characters, proofs of contempora- 

 neous origin derived from, 37 



Mineral composition of the sub-Apennine 

 strata, 157 



- of rocks no proof of contemporane- 

 ous origin, 1G1 



Minerals in the cavities of lava, Isle of Cy- 



clops, 81 

 Miocene period, term whence derived, 54 



- proportion of living species in the 

 fossil shells of the, 54 



- position of the beds referable to the 

 see diagrams, Nos. 3 and 4, 20, 21 



- mammiferous remains of the. 59 



- Marine formations of the, 202 



- fre<h-water formations of the, 219 

 volcanic rocks of the, 222 



- alluviums, localities of, 217 

 -- fossil shells of the see tables 



pendix I. 



- general result 



de 



from the fossil 

 shells of the Appendix I., p. 47 



number of fossil species of shells 



common to different formations referrible 

 to the, if*., p. 47. 



number of living species in the fossil 



shells of the, t7., p. 48 



number of species common to the 



pliocene and, ib., p. 49 



geographical distribution of the liv- 

 ing species of the, ib., 51 



Mirambeau, red clay and sand of, 208 



Mismcr, dip of the crag strata in a dill 

 between Dunvvich and see wood-cut, 

 No. 33, 175 



Misterbianco, valleys excavated through 

 bine marl at, 77 



Mitchell, Major, on breccias in Australian 

 caves, 143 



Mitscheriich, M., on the minerals found in 

 Somma, 121 



Modern causes, remarks on the term, 319 



Molasse, thickness of, at Stein, 153 



of Switzerland, 212 



its place in the series of tertiary for- 

 mations not yet known, 212 



Mole, transverse valley of the. 298 



Molluscous animals, superior longevity ol 

 the species of, 48 



Mont Dor, age of the volcano of, 200, 202 



its height, form, and composition, 201 



Mont Ferrat, tertiary strata of the hills of, 21 



hills of, geological structure of the, 211 



Monte Calvo, section from to the sea see 



diagram No. 29, 107 

 Monte Cerio, unaltered shells found in the 



gypsum of, 159 

 Monte (irifone, caves containing osseous 



breccias in, 141 

 Montlosier, M., on alluviums of different 



ages in Auvergne, 207 

 Monte Mario, marine strata of, 138 

 shells changed into calcareous spar 



in, 100 



