INDEX. 



105 



outh Downs, view of the escarpment of 

 the see wood-cut No. 65, 290 



section from their northern escarp- 

 ment to Barcombe see wood-cut No. 

 71, 296 



on the former continuity of the chalk 



of the North and, 303 



>paccaforno limestone, 65 



ipain, tertiary formations of, 170 



extinct volcanos of the north of, 183 



lavas excavated by rivers in, 186, 189 



ipecies, changes of, everywhere in pro- 

 gress, 30 



effects of changes of climate on, 44 



superior longevity of molluscous, 48 



necessity of accurately determining, 



49 

 living, proportion of in the fossils of 



the newer Pliocene period, 53 

 in the older Pliocene period, 54 

 in the Miocene period, 54 



in the Eocene period, 55 



their geographical distribution, 55 



in Sicily older than the country they 



inhabit, 115 

 outlive great revolutions in physical 



geography, 115 

 none common to the secondary and 



tertiary formations, 327 

 ?pinto, fossil shells in green sand at, 211 

 Steininger, M., on the loess of the Rhine, 



151 

 on the volcanic district of the Eifel, 



201 

 Steyning, chalk escarpment as seen from 



the hill above see wood-cut No. 66, 



291 

 Stirling Castle, altered strata in the rock 



of, 369 



Stour, transverse valley of the, 298 

 Strata, cause of the limited continuity of, 9 

 order of succession of see diagram 



No. 1, 14 

 origin of the European tertiary, at 



successive periods, 18 



Recent, form a common point of de- 

 parture in all countries, 58 



with and without organic remains 



alternating in the Paris basin, 254 



on the consolidation of, 334 



Stratification, unconformable, remarks on, 



30,33 

 of the Crag see wood-cuts, 174, 



175 

 of primary rocks see wood-cut No. 



89, 365, 366 

 Strike of beds, explanation of the term, 346 

 Stromboli, lava of, has been in constant 



ebullition for 2000 years, 363 

 Studer, M., on the loess of the valley ol 



the Rhine, 152 



- ' on the molasse of Switzerland, 212 



Styria, tertiary formations of, 212 

 age of the tertiary strata of, 214 



volcanic rocks of, 223 

 Sub-Apennine strata, 18, 155 



opinions of Brocchi on the, 155 

 lithological characters of the, 157, 



162 



not all of the same age, 157 



termed marine alluvia by Dr. Mac 



culloch, 157 



subdivisions of the, described, 158 



how formed, 160 



organic remains of the, 163 



fossil shells of the see Tables, Ap- 

 pendix I. 



Subaqueous deposits, our continents chiefly 

 composed of, 9 



how raised, 104 



distinction between alluvium and, 

 145 



Submarine eruptions, proofs of ancient, in 



the Bay of Trezza, 78, 81 

 Subsidence on Papandayang, in Java, 96 

 on Etna, 96 

 Subterranean lava the cause of the elevation 



of land, 105 

 Subterranean rocks of fusion, probable 



structure of the recent, 107 

 Suffolk, relative age of the tertiary strata 



of see diagram No. 4, 21 



crag strata of, 171 



cliffs, thickness of the crao- in the, 



172 

 Superga, strata composing the hill of the, 



highly inclined, 211 



fossil shells of the, 211 



Superior, Lake. See Lake Superior. 

 Superposition, of successive formations, 



causes of the, 26 



proof of more recent origin, 35 



exceptions in regard to volcanic 



rocks, 36 

 no invariable order of, in Hypogene 



formations, 375 

 Surface, different states of the, when the 



secondary and tertiary strata were form- 

 ed, 23 



Switzerland, 'molasse' of, 212 

 Synclinal and anticlinal lines described 



see wood-cut No. 68, 293 

 Syenites not distinguishable from granites, 



358 

 Synoptical Table of Recent and Tertiary 



Formations, 61 

 Syracuse, section at see diagram No. 5, 64 



shells found in the limestone of, 65 



range of inland cliffs seen to the north 



of, 111 

 bones of extinct animals in caves 



near, 140 

 list of fossil shells from Appendix 



II., P . 54 



