ENTBODUCTJ 37 



To the southward were the Alleghanian races, many of whom 

 have become extinct; among them were the Cherokees, the Choc- 

 taws, the tribes of t! mfederacy, Seminoles, Natchez, and 



others. These were the nations among whom Adair thought that 



'_Mii/."il the institutions of Judaism, such as a cityofrefi 

 temple where the sacred fire was continually kept burning, &o. 



To the west of the Mississippi are the Sioux ami Pawnees; Mr. 

 Gallatin divides the Smux into four departments, hut all of one kin- 

 dred, from the evidence of language ; these an- the Winebagos, the 

 Dahcotas, the Minetari, and the I I There arc two natii 



Pawnees, the Pawnees proper, and the Ricarees on the river Platte. 

 On the sides of the Rocky Mountains are the Black-feel and the 

 Rapid Indians, with their numerous families; in their neighborhood 

 are the Snake Indians; further south the Utahs and P and in 



Mi i co the Apacl 



The races of the Pacific coast of North America may be di 

 into three sections. The < 'alifornian nations inhabit a region barren, 

 rocky, and sandy, and deficient in water, and of a climate excessively 

 hot and drv, exactly opposite in every respect in the north-western 

 tracts; they an- of a much deeper hue than the American natives 

 generally, so that La impared them to Negroes; thej have 



low foreheads, and prominent cheek-bones; they approach, in the 



ahai t" the head and in features, to the nations of New Guinea, and 



Hebrides. N< w California appears to have a fine race of dark 

 people. 



The tribes of the North-west coast and the Columbia river, from 

 New California ti> Mt. St. ESIias, are very different from the hunt- 

 ing races ot" the Missouri. The prevailing westerly winds of the 

 northern Pacific render the climate moist and milder than correspond- 

 ing regions of the interior. The northern tribes, from the Arctic 

 circle to Vancouver's Island, including the tribes of the Russian ter- 

 ritories, are bold, industrious, and ingenious; the females have the 

 singular custom of perforating the lower lip, and wearing in it a 

 wooih-n ornament. The southern tribes have been called Nootka- 

 Columbians, winch indicates their locality. The practice of flatten- 

 ing the head in infancy is universal among them, but unknown to the 



north. To this family belong the Chenooks, the Flat-heads, the 



Clatsops, and others; they are distinguished for their love of music. 



Dtr. Prichard thinks the northern tribes more interesting than the 



last, as ih.y furnish an example, according to him, of a white 



•a Inch, compared with the black Californians, bears 



a relation to climate similar to the white Europeans of the Old 



World compared with the black Africans. The dioms of the Noot- 



1 



