INTRODUCTION. 45 



Some have been disposed to separate the Esquimaux, and the 

 Peruvians and Mexicans, from the other Americans — the former 

 on account of an inferior, the latter on account of a superior " civil- 

 izational development," and maintained in consequence, that the 

 American stock is not fundamentally one But the Esquimau civil- 

 ization is not Imcrr than that of the other Americans, it is only 

 different i as would be expected from their Arctic habitat, their fish- 

 ing habits, and their Fauna and Flora. As to physical characters, 

 they are taller than half of the South American tribes ; they are as 

 dark as most of the American races, only a few typical nations 

 being copper-colored ; their skulls approach the " brakhy-kephalic " 

 character of the American; and. finally, their language is Amer- 

 ican in grammatical structure, and even in words. 



The Pernvio-Mexican civilization lias been over-estimated; the 

 phenomena of their social and political condition should not he com- 

 pared with European feudalism and chivalry, hut rather with " their 

 analogues, the probationary tortures of tribes like the Mandans, ami 

 the constitution of such an empire as Powhattan's in Virginia ;" if 

 ■ opare this empire of Powhattan with the kingdom of .Monte- 

 zuma, we shall find the difference of civilization to be in degree, and 



not in kind. The dillerei s between the Peruvian and the A r- 



ican skull are artificially produced, by flattening in front, behind, or 

 laterally, as tin 1 case may be. 



While thus advocating the unity of the American nations, one 

 unong another, he omits tie ition of their unity with nations 



of the Old World. He merely says, " 1 know reasons valid enough 

 and numerous enough to have made the notion of the New World 

 being the oldest of the two a paradox. Nevertheless, I know no 

 absolutely conclusive ones." 



G. — The Indian Mongolida comprise the inhabitants of llindos- 

 tan, (in part,) Cashmere, Ceylon, the Maldives and Lacca. lives, and 

 part of Beloochistan ; they have numerous relations with the Jape- 

 tidsn. 



The Atlantidae he divides into — 



A. — The Negro Atlantidae. 



I!. —The K Hire Atlantidae. 



C. — The Hottentot Atlantidae. 



1). — The Nilotic Atlantidae. 



E. — Amazirgh Atlantidae. 



F. — The /Egyptian Atlantidae. 

 G. — The Semitic Atlantidae. 



It is necessary to remember the difference between the Negro and 

 the African ; the true Negro area, occupied by men of black skin, 



