62 INTRODUCTION. 



him, man ought to be compared as a domestic species, and not aa a 

 wild one. 



lie believes that man originated in a tropical cliinrilr; ; that the 

 original type no longer exists; thai the European is as aiuch an 



improved race in form and color, as the Negro is a i 

 one. We have no evidence that a white race, like the Europeans, 

 existed at the primitive dispersion of man. Central Asia, usually 

 regarded as the birth-place of man, is also the native country of his 

 domesticated animals and poultry, and of the grains and vegetable 

 productions carried with him in his migrations. In what manner 

 climate tends to produce human varieties, he does not pretend to say; 

 the fact is evident, the manner unknown. He thinks " there is in 

 the structure of man a constitutional predisposition to produce varie- 

 ties in certain regions of country."' To show the tendency in ani- 

 mal and human constitutions to transmit peculiarities to offspring, 

 he gives examples showing that excrescences and malformations, 

 and even arrests of development, may be thus transmitted ; he 

 shows, also, how suddenly Nature goes from one extreme to 

 another in the production of Albinos. He supposes that the 

 constitutions of men in early a<jes, before the races had become per- 

 manent, may have been more susceptible of producing varieties than 

 at a later period ; he believes that when new varieties are formed, 

 they multiply very rapidly, while previously existing varieties dimin- 

 ish. The difficulties in explaining the varieties of animals are just 

 as inexplicable as those concerning the races of man ; there is, in 

 the organization of animals and man, a power to produce varieties 

 suited to every climate. Though he considers the African an infe- 

 rior variety of the race, he shows that it is capable of considerable 

 improvement ; and that even in the shape of the skull there is, in 

 American-born specimens, a striking departure from the original 

 type. 



From Tiedemann, he gives the conclusions : that the brain of a 

 Negro is as large and as heavy as that of other human races ; the 

 nerves of the Negro, the form and proportions of the various parts 

 of the spinal cord, and the inward structure of the nervous system, 

 show no important difference from those of the European ; the 

 Negro brain does not resemble the brain of the orang-outang, any 

 more than does that of the European. These results are confirmed 

 by the measurement of Dr. S. G. Morton. In answer to the ques- 

 tion, why a negro does not change into a white man in the native 

 country of the latter, and rice versa, he says the races are already 

 established, and varieties once formed do not revert to their original 

 stocks ; the Shetland pony cannot be converted again into the wild 



