64 INTRODUCTION. 



while tho o her, the American, embraces nil the barbarous trib 

 tin' New \' ml, I ( \c >pi th Polar n il 



Betw ien the \ pp il ichian, the Brazilian, Patagonian and Fui 

 branches oi the American family, there are Borne Blight < : 

 which may l>c attributed to thi : climate and locality and 



tlic consequent habits of life; though all have the low, lima: 

 head, high cheek-bones, aquiline nose, large mouth, and wide .skull, 

 prominent at vertex, w ith flattened occiput, peculiar to the Ami 

 race. The minis have their superior m ritly curved, and 



tin' ml' rim- margin like an inverted arch, contrasting strongly with 

 the oblong orbh and parallel margins of the Malay. Tl 

 family includes the Bemi-civilized nations of Mexico, Peru, B< 

 Guatlmala, Yucatan, Nicaragua. Tins differs from the Am< 

 family in intellectual faculties principally. Their architectural 

 remains show their great attainments in the practical arts of life. 

 This family is the Neptun - of Bory de St. Vincent, who 



refers them to the Malay race, in which l>r. Morton do 

 with him, lor reasons to be given h< r< afti r. From nation 



of nearly one hundred Peruvian crania, he at first came to the con- 

 clusion that the heads of the ancient Peruvians wer v very 

 much elongated, differing in this respect from the ivians, 

 who appeared later. That opinion he has since* given up, and 

 believes the elongated shape to be the result of compression. \\:t 

 now believes that the descendants of the ancient Peruvians yet dwell 

 in the land of their ancestors, under the name of Aymaras, their 

 probable primitive name ; that the Aymaras resemble the surround- 

 ing Quichua nations in almost every respect, having ceased to mould 

 the bead artificially ; that, according to M. D'Orbigny, the flattened 

 skulls were always those of men, while the heads of women retained 

 the natural American shape ; that this deformity was a mark of dis- 

 tinction ; that these people were the architects of their own tombs 

 and temples ; that the capacity of the cranium is the same in the 

 ancient and modern Peruvians, about seventy-six cubic inches. — a 

 smallness of size without parallel, except among the Hindoos. 

 D'Orbigny also believes that the ancient Peruvians were the lineal 

 progenitors of the Inca family, — a question not yet decided. The 

 ancient Peruvian head is remarkable for its long, narrow form, 

 inclined forehead, and length of the occiput behind the ear ; the face 

 is proportionally narrow. 



The Inca Peruvians date their possession of Peru from the 11th 

 century, — a period corresponding with the migration of the To! 



*Journ? of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Vol. 8, 1S42. 



