INTRODUCTION. 31 



others think them Caucasians ; Pri hard coincides with Denon, as 

 above quoted. More respecting this race will be given when speak- 

 ing of Dr. Morton's Crania Egyptiaca. 



The Indo-European, Japetic, or Arian race, includes the Hin- 

 doos, Persians, Afghans, Baluchi and Brahui, the Kurds, the 

 Armenians, and the Ossetines. It comprises also the numerous and 

 far-spread colonies of the race in Europe and America. Prichard 

 believes that the Arian race, on their arrival in Europe, found the 

 country already occupied by what he terms " Allophylian" nations; 

 for instance, the Celts found Spain inhabited by the Iberian tribes, 

 who preserved the possession of the Pyrenean chain at the era of 

 the Roman conquest, and whose descendants, even now, are found 

 there in the Basque mountaineers, orBiscayans, (according to Hum- 

 boldt) ; so the Northmen found the countries on the Baltic coast 

 occupied by nations of the Finnish or Ugriat) race, of the same east- 

 ern origin as themselves, but emigrants of an earlier 



The five great Nomadic races inhabit the great central re 

 of High Asia, and belong to the Mongolian division of authors ; 

 they are all characterized by the pyramidal form of the skull. 



These live races are, the Ugrian race, in the north-west, of which 

 the Finns and Lappes, the Tschudes, tin 1 Ugrians, (whence the 

 name Ogre, the prototype of fabled savage monsters,) tie- Ostiaks of 

 the Obi, (from whom are descended the Magyars, or Hungarians 

 of central Europe.) and other Siberian tribes, are varieties. 



The Turkish race, often erroneously called Tartars, formerly 

 occupied all the countries from the north of China to Mount Altai. 

 The present Turkish nations display two differenl types of coun- 

 tenance ; the Nomadic tribes, in the ancient abodes of the race, dis- 

 play strongly the Mongolian type, while the Turks of the Ottoman 

 empire have very nearly the European form. Some writers have 

 explained this change by an intermixture of races, which Prichard 

 thinks is contradicted by the evidence of their langua 



The Mongolian race, including the Kalmuks, strongly displays 

 the broad face and pyramidal skull of this division of the human 

 family. The Tungusians wander over the mountainous regions 

 which extend from Lake Baikal to the Sea of Okhotsk ; within the 

 Chinese dominions they are called Mantschu. According to Kla- 

 proth, the languages of the Tungusians, Mongolians, and Turks 

 have a remarkable connection between them ; and the Marschu, 

 in particular, corresponds singularly in its vocabulary with other 

 Asiatic, and still more with European, languages. The Bhotiyahs 

 are a race often termed Tartars, inhabiting a great part of Tibet and 

 the Hirnalayai chain. They are Buddhist, and have peculiar mar- 



