INTRODUCTION. 17 



In the Caucasian race the facial angle is from 80° to 85° ; thence 

 it decreases in the other varieties of Man as low as C>5°, in the nor- 

 mal condition ; in many of the ancient statues the facial angle is 90°, 

 and in one even 100°, which last never existed in nature except in 

 disease. In children the forehead is more prominent than in the 

 adult, being usually 90° ; thus is explained their almost uniformly 

 pleasing countenances, and also the diminution of their beauty as 

 age advances. The Caucasian race, whether we judge it by the 

 facial angle, the norma verticalis, or the basal view of Mr. Owen, is 

 placed above the other races. 



Three great divisions are recognized in the Caucasian race. The 

 Celtic division, comprising the present inhabitants of Western 

 Europe, (except the English,) and the ancient Britons, Welch, 

 rish, and Scotch. The Germanic division, comprising Germans, 

 ancient and modern, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Saxons, and 

 English, and the inhabitants of the Netherlands and Iceland. The 

 Sclavonic division, comprising the Russians, Poles, Bohemians, Cos- 

 sacks, the inhabitants of part of Western Asia and Northern 

 Africa. 



2. The Mongolian race seems to have originated from the central 

 plains of Asia, whence they are supposed to have wandered in all 

 directions, into the northern parts of Europe and America, and per- 

 haps into the southern parts of Afriea. It comprises, according to 

 Lawrence, the Mongols, Kalmucks, Koreans, Chinese, Japanese; 

 the inhabitants of Thibet, Tonquin, Siam, Cochin ('lima, the Him- 

 alaya Mountains, Hindostan, Ceylon ; the ECainschatdales, Asiatic Rus- 

 sians, Finns ami Laplanders, and the Esquimaux of Arctic America. 

 The ancient Huns belonged to this variety ; these, witli Attila at 

 their head, penetrated to the very centre of Europe ; the famous 

 '/ 'nghis Khan and Tamerlane belonged to this race, which has 

 always been nomadic and predatory. 



The color of th" Mongolian skin is olive yellow ; the eyes dark, 

 the hair black, straight, and thin ; with very little if any heard, eye- 

 brows, or eye-lashes; the face is broad and Battened; the features 

 not very distinct ; the space between the eyes broad and flat; the 

 orbits large and open ; the nose flattened ; the cheeks high and 

 prominent; the opening of the eye-lids nairow, linear,ohlique, the 

 inner angle the lowest ; chin not prominent ; the ears and lips large. 

 The forehead of the Mongolian is low and slanting, allowing a con- 

 siderable portion of the face to be seen when the skull is viewed 

 vertically from above ; the facial angle is therefore less than in the 

 Caucasian. The cranium is narrower, and the face broader, so that 

 2* 



