INTRODUCTION. 79 



cormx, or gibbous. 18. The femur and tibia are bo articulated, 

 that the knees are generally thrown outwards. 19. The us calcis, 

 instead of forming an arch with the tarsus, is horizontal, (the pos- 

 terior portion longer,) and the foot fiat.* 



'rinse variations in structure imply variety of function, habit and 

 powers. Psychical powers may be greatly influenced by Blight 

 anatomical dill' : bo slight sarcely appreciable by 



the anatomist, and y. t confer a character upon the beings mure 

 widely different in every respect, than all the thumbs, tails, cheek- 

 pouches, and callosities in the monkey family." W e musl aol dis- 

 i tlirin, simply because thi .dually one into the other; 



lor this ire have seen is true of the whole animal kingdom, which 

 tainly not nil oi 



\)w\ form, if constant and uniform, is of speciju value, for 

 it implies a differei of m ana to attain the same end. 



Differenc lue in denning species in ani- 



mals. "The lion is not mop- regularly tawny, the tiger more regu- 

 larly streaked, nor the leopard more regularly spotted, than the sev- 

 eral races of men are uniformly distinguished from each other by 

 their coloi 



Difference of hair has be» d sufficiently alluded to ; being perma- 

 nent in the respective races, il is of specific value. 



We tee mankind confined to distinct localities, with permanent 

 distinctions of form and color; with different social relations, 

 on, governments, habits and intellectual powers; the same 

 from the remotest historical time. The psychic ices among 



men are as usually fori differences in animals. In 



■ lucasian nations, generally, we see the rights of woman 

 acknowledged and established; enlightened governments, just laws, 

 a rational system of religion, commi roe, agriculture, art and 

 science in the highest known perfection. In the Mongolian races, 

 woman is a slave, an article of merchandise, government despotic, 

 religion idolatrous, laws unjust and bloody, commerce, agriculture, 

 in a low state ; all the arts of life little advanced, and stationary 

 for ages. In the American races, the state of things is worse still ; 

 and in the African, at the lowest point. If it he said thai these are 

 the results of education and circumstances, a difference of capacity 

 must still lie at the bottom. The causes which have produced 

 these resu ts '' operated in full force anterior to profane history, and 

 have never since varied ; consequently, the naturalist may fairly take 

 it for gra ted that they are natural causes, until the contrary is 



* And, according to Dr. Knox, the nervous system, and every muscle of 

 the body is different. 



