INTRODUCTION". 93 



the Portuguese and Indian in Brazil and other parts of South 

 America ; as the foreign supply diminishes, the native blood pre- 

 dominates, and the mixed race decays. In St. Domingo, the black 

 race predominates, and under the present regime there is no proba- 

 bility of any great supply of white blood to perpetuate the existing 

 Mulattoes ; the mix 'd race is gradually giving way, and must 

 become extinct, becor»in;j merged in the black stock. 



The phenomena of hybridity, therefore, so far as they bear upon 

 the question, rather go to prove that there are distinct species. 



Mr. Gallatin (Trans, of Amer. Ethnological Soc., Vol. i.. p. 102) 

 gives some facts which show that the agriculture of the American 

 mound builders was of domestic origin ; their principal vegetable 

 product was peculiar to America. He says, " We have here two 

 leading facts, one positively ascertained, and the other generally 

 admitted by those who have inquired into tin; subject, the importance 

 of which has not, it seems to me, been adverted to. The first is that 

 all the nutritious plants cultivated in the other hemisphere, and 

 which are usually distinguished by the name of cereals, (millet, 

 rice, wheat, rye, barley, oats,) were entirely unknown to the Ameri- 

 cans. The second is that maize, which was the great and almost 

 sole foundation of American agriculture, is exclusively of American 

 origin, and was not known in the other hemisphere till after the dis- 

 covery of America in the fifteenth century." 



If animals have had several distinct centres of creation, why has 

 not man? There are climates peculiarly suited to the varieties of 

 man, as well as of animals. Tropical Africa is not adapted to the 

 Caucasian constitution ; every colony has been wasted by sickness 

 and death ; every expedition into the interior has been attended with 

 a frightful mortality ; even at a long distance from the unhealthy 

 coast our national vessels have suffered severely from the pestilen- 

 tial fevers of Africa. Yet this is the native and the natural climate 

 of the Negro, where he is as much at home as is the polar bear on 

 the shores of Greenland, or the chimpanzee on the banks of the 

 Gaboon. Look at the French colony even in extra-tropical Algeria; 

 according to the reports of Marshal Bugeaud, and M. Baud in, the 

 mortality among the troops is frightful ; the European population 

 annually decreases by seventeen per thousand, and, but for the influx 

 of emigrants, would become extinct in fifty years. The dominant 

 foreign population of Egypt does not increase in numbers ; the 

 aboriginal Copt still exists, biding his time. Look at the English 

 in Hindostau and Australia. The former is held as a military pos- 

 session ; but the European cannot York there, — he must employ the 

 natives ; but for fresh arrivals the vhite man would soon be extinct 



