198 NATURAL HISTORY OF 



THE TYPICAL STOCKS. 



COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL POWERS, AND STRUCTURAL DIF- 

 FER K.N CFS OJF Till: TYPICAL STOCKS. 



Let us now proceed to review the structural characl 

 tics of man, in their general application to the distinction of 

 species, varieties, or Among these, Camper's observa- 



tions on the facia] angle which distinguishes the three typical 

 races, taken in a general view, are most important. The human 

 head, seen vertically, or from above, conceals, in the Cau< . 

 form, nearly every part of the facial surface; whilst the same 

 view of the woolly-haired type demonstrates the narrow 

 and obliquity of the forehead, by exposing the greater part of 

 the face. A smaller obliquity may be observed in the cranium 

 of the Mongolic stock, but differing from both the preceding by 

 the lateral expansion of the cheek-bones. Hence the facial 

 angles, taken by drawing a line from the opening of the ear to 

 the nostril, bisected by another line dropped from the promi- 

 nent part of the forehead to the most advanced edge of the 

 upper jaw, taken on the profile view of the head, produce an 

 angle, which, according to the number of degrees it is found to 

 open in Camper's hypothesis, advances the forehead towards a 

 vertical structure, gives prominence to the anterior lobes of the 

 brain, and consequently develops intellectual capacity. But 

 this criterion, though generally true in all mammalia, if the 

 question be referred to man, is liable to the objection, that 

 whole races have the orbital crests, at their junction on the 

 lower edge of the frontal, so prominent as to prevent the facial 

 lines touching the forehead, which from that point falls sud- 

 denly, both in the natural structure of the flat-headed nations 

 of Asia, and in the heads by nature or artificially depressed, 

 such as occur in America. In other respects, where the facial 

 line can be drawn fairly, there is no doubt of the general cor- 



