THE HUMAN SPECIES. 235 



type strongly marked. Among them, in particular, the Naga 

 tribes practise circumcision, and have other eastern indications 

 about them; the Cumbric Negroes may belong to this branch; 

 and. the Mocos, who file the teeth in order to resemble the 

 Lion, are still cannibals, and the most savage of the Papaw 

 nations. Like the eastern Papuas, they are of a dirty black 

 color, and have the same Jewish rites as the rest. Hebrew 

 or Semitic words occur in their dialects, as in the Hous- 

 wana tongues. Ideas, and perhaps affinity with the An- 

 gola and Benin tribes, recall to mind the still existing barter 

 trade across the continent to Mozambique, and this may point 

 out the route from the east by which they may have come to 

 their present location ; for, had they spread from west to east, 

 no oriental words or institutions would be found in their ancient 

 national dialects or habits. 



In Eastern Africa, the woolly-haired races, though occupy- 

 ing a vast extent, are likewise of intermixed origin. The 

 whole east coast is possessed by nations tinged with Arabic 

 blood ; the extreme south by apparently an outcast Mongolic 

 population; and, from the north, Gomerian tribes have likewise 

 produced commixtures to beyond the Senegal. Among these, 

 ancient Numidians appear to have been propelled by Arabian 

 conquerors, and to have originated the red and black Poulas, 

 so called in proportion as the brown or black color of their skins 

 predominates. These have horses and camels, unknown to all 

 other Negroes, and are now Moslem. The Jaloffs are a branch 

 of this stem ; and the Mandingoes, once a nomad people, bear 

 evident tokens of a more northern origin, only in part effaced 

 by intermixture with true Negroes. Beyond the Menas or 

 Kroomen, on the Gambia, there are, however, important nations 

 of true Negroes, such as the Basus and Buyere on each side 

 of them; and in the interior of Africa the mysterious Ba-uri. 



Of the African stock the most conspicuous abnormal stem is 

 the Kafir or Caffre, a race which, having a Semitic innervation, 

 has risen in stature, intelligence and beauty, above all the 



