THE HUMAN SPECIES. 313 



the Laplanders, and the Finnic Lithuanian?, and still found in 

 the houses of the Tschutski of the north-east of Asia* 



Being brave, and skilled in the arts of life and war, although 

 they had contests with, and expelled the Kerkopes (by 

 the name evidently a dwarfish race, which fled to Sicily), it is 

 evident that they were not numerous during their occupation 

 of the present Lombardy ; for they withdrew to make room for 

 the Ligurians and Heneti, and were driven off still further by 

 the Gauls, their strong walled cities being all on the Mediter- 

 ranean side of Upper Italy. Rome itself was partly an Etrus- 

 can colony, and owed most of the elements of its greatness to 

 the institutions and example of that people. It is to be 

 regretted that these tribes, ruled by independent Lucumons,1 

 wanted national unity when they were strong; for what the 

 barbarians had begun on the north-west, the Romans fin- 

 ished from the soutli-east, the whole nation being gradually 

 absorbed by the conquering republic. They were manufac- 

 turers, merchants, and navigators, till they were worsted by 

 Greek assailants, coming from Sicily, and by the Phocian 

 colony of Massilia. Yet it is to the objects of barter which 

 they themselves, or the friendly Venetic traders, or subse- 

 quent rival Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, and Gauls, carried 

 down the Loire, or across the German territory to the Baltic, 

 that we must refer the bronze effigies, heads of standards (?), 

 helmets, shields, arms, and even coins, often containing Greek 

 mythological subjects, but bearing scarcely any tokens of 



* See Ossian, Ca-lodin, "Like the pillars of Lodin at Sliva." — Duan 

 II. Were these perchance also the same as the Finno-Teutonic Alces, 

 Alkes, Alsen, brethren divinities, with a priest clothed in woman's gar- 

 ments, and honored, without images, in a wood? It may nevertheless be 

 suspected, that elk or stags' horns represented them, as reindeer horns 

 are still used for idols by Laplanders and Samoyeds. Ailsen, on the 

 Weser, may have been a local city for them, and the meaning might be 

 perhaps taken from Elke, each or both. Certainly not Castor and Pollux, 

 in the classical view of these meteor gods. 



t Lucumon, Teutonic Lachman, man of law, judge. 

 27 



