THE HUMAN SPECIES. 329 



roth, mustered above 300,000 horsemen, and the Hoei were 

 formidable in the eighth century, when they were already 

 advanced in civilization. The Seldjucks, so named after the 

 chief adventurer, who enlisted men of different tribes under his 

 banner "broke into southern Asia in the ninth century, during 

 the reign of Malek ; they overturned the empire of the Khalifs, 

 formed the states of Iran, Kerman, and Roum or Iconium ; and 

 from the Seldjucks sprung the Osmanlis, the present sovereigns 

 of Turkey. We might here add those tribes with Circassian 

 chiefs, the Petchenages, probably identical with the Kanjars. 

 The Romans and Uzu, united in the eleventh century, who 

 were known to the Russians by the name of Palowze, and 

 Chuni by the Hungarians. From the tenth to the twelfth cen- 

 turies they were the terror of eastern Europe, till in the thir- 

 teenth they were exterminated by the Mongols. 



All these nations, as well as the true Caucasians we are 

 about to describe, moved into Europe from the distant east, by 

 routes which, it would appear, were entirely the result of 

 chance ; yet, upon examination, it is found that the great 

 majority of cases, in whatever geographical locality a prime- 

 val column sought its permanent abode in the west, there, 

 also, one wave after another of kindred race subsequently 

 found its home, notwithstanding ages intervened, and circum- 

 stances had thrown new obstacles in the way. Perhaps 

 intermediate points had continued to be occupied by relatives 

 of both, or records of the success of former colonists had 

 reached back to their points of departure ; or, finally, it was 

 because there are in geography natural directions of progress 

 from one region to another, however distant ; and that local 

 conditions impel all migrators, once moving on a given line, to 

 follow it out to the ultimate destination. These observations 

 apply entirely in the human movements, from east to west; 

 mountain chains, deserts, the course of rivers, and even real 

 obstacles, conspire to produce the same results, while the con- 

 trary direction is all but impracticable. Intellectual power 

 28* • 



