THE HUMAN SPECIES. 335 



ment was, in a great part, from north-west to south-east, is 

 proved by the presence of Gangarides in the valley of the 

 Bramaputra, where, in other respects, the foreign element in 

 the first population was eastern Caucasian or Malay. Who 

 the bearded tribes were that originally spread over China, was 

 sufficiently shown in the notice of the Mongolic and Finnic 

 nations not to be again repeated, although we have, on the 

 south of Asia, nations similarly constituted, but further debased 

 by certain Papua intermixtures, and all feel the different influ- 

 ence of a southern, and, often, a marine climate. 



The infusion of northern elements is strikingly proved by 

 the predominating presence of Sanscrit in all the dialects of 

 India, although variously debased by forms of speech of indige- 

 nous origin, Parbatyia, Naja, Dravira, Bheel, Nishada, and 

 Yadhu, &c, upon which it was ingrafted. As the invaders 

 came through the gorges of the mountains in successive 

 svvartns, and not always from the same point, they subjugated 

 not only the black aborigines, but also the mixed tribes of their 

 former conquerors, leaving only that portion in freedom which 

 could retreat to inaccessible mountain districts, to recede from 

 the civilization they might have had before their political ruin, 

 and either pure or already under the rule of masters not'of the 

 kindred stock. The older invaders seem to have been denomi- 

 nated Chasas, equivalent to the western term Asi, or Asen, high- 

 landers, which is also the meaning of Guras. They came, more 

 particularly, from the southern side of Hindu Koh and Paropa- 

 misus, in their last debased condition, constituting the Indo-Arab 

 races, but here almost universally become true Ethiopians and 

 Cushites, by union with nations still more melanic, and who 

 formed the great majority of the population. Other mountain 

 conquerors first came to the south ty descending the passes of 

 Thibet, leading to the high basin of Cashmeer, where the name 

 of the capital being Nagara before it became Caspatyrus, sup- 

 poses the population to have been Naga, and of the same stock 

 with that of the lower Indus, where the name was likewise 



