THE HUMAN SPECIES. 359 



and both the phenomena of an entire horny skin and of total 

 hirsuteness seem to belong exclusively to the bearded type. 



It being to the form under consideration that the tribes class 

 that have peopled Europe and Western Asia almost exclu- 

 sively, its typical characters are easily ascertained. The 

 beard is neither villous nor woolly, but spreading over the lips, 

 "hin, and the whole of the nether jaw. It fringes the sides of 

 .lie face up to the temples, and is crisp, curly, or undulating, 

 jut never quite straight or lank, as in the Mongolian. The 

 skull is larger than in the other forms ; it is oblong, rounded, 

 with the cerebral portion more developed, containing from 75 

 to 109 cubic inches; the facial angle is more vertical, rising 

 from 75 degrees to nearly 90. The face is oval, the eyes 

 large, open, horizontal, the pupils passing from hazel or brown, 

 on one hand, to dark, nearly black, and on the other to deep 

 blue, gray, light blue, and even greenish (pink-colored pupils 

 occur only in extreme cases of albinism) ; the hair is abundant 

 on the head, curly, waving, or lank, varying in shades of colors 

 from very deep brown to auburn, xanthous, and fiery red, usu- 

 ally corresponding, but not always, to the beard and eyebrows, 

 and sometimes from infancy marked with gray, which, in 

 advancing life, in both sexes, is sure to come on, till the whole- 

 is turned white. In general, the hair harmonizes with the 

 ilexion, which varies, in the white races, from sallow to 

 ruddy and fair. Health has its influence on the color of the 

 skin, in all races; but in the fair the cheeks are frequently 

 colored ; the typical races have the mouth small, the teeth set 

 vertically, the lips not tumid, and more delicately graceful in 

 outline; the nose is more prominent, and the wings less spread 

 than in the other forms of man ; nor is the nether jaw so angu- 

 lar. The forehead is broad, often high, the occipital part less 

 developed, and the arch of the cranium less solid. 



Man of the bearded type attains the highest standard, is, in 

 general, above the middle size, and in symmetry excels all the 

 others : the a~ms are in better proportion, the hands more beau- 



