APPENDIX. 



It was intended, when the foregoing work was first in progress, to 

 have thrown into an Appendix such additional observations as might be 

 thought important, or that had escaped notice in their proper places, and 

 to add to them the discoveries which might have become known during 

 the progress of publication ; but finding the text already greatly to exceed 

 the usual limits of the single volume allowed for the discussion of the 

 questions we have had to consider, the objects to have come under notice 

 were reluctantly abandoned, or confined to the smallest space. 



Thus, on the article Indus, pp. 107 — 111, recent discoveries of more than 

 one ancient bed of the river have been made considerably further to the 

 eastward than what were known, and the conjectures respecting the origi- 

 nal course of the river to the sea, in the Gulf of Cutch, are strengthened. 



Respecting the abrasion of the west coast of India, pp. 109, 110, might 

 be mentioned Calicut, the capital city at the time of the Portuguese con- 

 quest, but now sunk beneath the sea. 



With regard to the various levels between the Caspian Sea, the uplands 

 of Russia, and Poland, pp. 120 — 124, we may remark, that the fall of the 

 rivers opening in the Volga is 110 feet, those that are affluents to the Neva 

 fall 445 feet, making a total of 555 ; now, adding this total to the surface 

 of the Caspian, there appears to be only 200 feet remaining for the culmi- 

 nating ground at the sources of the Volga ; but if these are estimated on 



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