Vlll CONTENTS. 



SECTION II. 



PRIMITIVE STATE OP MAN. 



Value of psychological facts in determining the Unity of Mankind ; 

 Differences in Mental Development among civilized and savage 

 nations; The possible high Antiquity of Man as indicated by 

 Geology ; Man nowhere found in a Primitive State : Slow growth 

 of Language discussed; same argument applied to Physical 

 Changes in Man ; Parallelism of Infancy and Savage Life ; Diffi- 

 culties in the way of a Scientific Investigation of the Primitive 

 State; the Primitive State cannot now be represented; First 

 Efforts of the Primitive Man dependent on External Nature; 

 Natural Indolence of Man ; Indolence characteristic of all unedu- 

 cated persons ; Vanity and ambition the levers of Civilization ; 

 Peyroux de la Condreniere, Klenim, and Wuttke on the Psychical 

 Superiority of the White Races ; Psychical effects of Cultivation ; 

 Self-control an acquired faculty ; Barbarism not Degeneracy ; At- 

 tachment to country among uncultivated nations ; Inhabitants of 

 the Darfur; Congo-Negroes, Kru-Negroes, Fuegians, Hottentots, 

 etc. ; Motives for action and physical indulgences, social enjoyment 

 and habit ; External life of Primitive Peoples ; Individuality of 

 character not so common; Vices of Primitive Peoples; Cannibalism; 

 Revenge ; Social relations : marriage among the barbarous ; Poly- 

 gamy ; Polyandry ; Chastity ; Sense of shame ; Examples quoted ; 

 Marital rights ; Influence of habit and custom ; Social conditions ; 

 Societies : clanship ; Primitive religions ; Uniformity of religious 

 conceptions ; Note on " Le Peuple Primitif " of Rougemont ; the 

 Symbolism of Colour among Primitive Peoples ; their ideas of hu- 

 man beauty ; Courtesy and manners ; Uncleanliness of Primitive 

 Peoples ; Man's nature unchangeable ; Uncultivated White races ; 

 Compared with savage races ; Degenerate Irish ; White settlers of 

 Buenos Ayres; Creoles of La Plata, of California, of Brazil, of 

 Goyaz ; Portuguese in Africa ; White people in Banda Islands, of 

 the Mauritius, etc. ; Objections met ; Cases of relapse into savage 

 life ; Atrocities committed by Whites, by Hindoos against English, 

 by American settlers; The slave trade; Moral sense; Drunken- 

 ness ; Position of woman : among savage peoples, among the old 

 German, in Greece, in Rome, among Chinese, Hindoos, Moham- 

 medans ; Habits of so-called savages to be found among civilized 

 nations ; Differences of mental power in individuals of same races; 

 Asserted relapse of some savage nations from an ancient civiliza- 

 tion ; Natural state of man not that of original purity ; Psychical 

 unity of mankind ; original disposition and external circumstances, 

 and their influence on the development of a people ; Inconstancy 

 of mental power ; Civilization the work of individuals, not of the 

 whole nation ; Mental endowment changes with the history of a 



