CONTENTS. Ill 



ences ; Uniformity of uncivilized peoples ; Old Germans ; Abori- 

 ginal Americans ; Uniformity of Character among the Negroes ; 

 Individuality of the Fijians ; Effects of imitation ; in Clans of 

 Scotland; on the individual resident abroad; The free-born and 

 slave Negro ; asserted change of features in the former ; Superi- 

 ority of Creole Negroes ; Causes of this difference ; Effects of social 

 intercourse on American Negroes ; Greatest change in the Northern 

 States ; Mental Culture in the physiognomy of all nations ; Effects 

 of Cultivation on the English and German physiognomy ; on the 

 Sikhs ; Change in the Magyars ; the Finns and Lapps ; Shape of 

 Skull no criterion of Race ; Skull varies most in civilized peoples ; 

 Modification in the same people; Abbe Frere and Huschke on 

 cranial development ; the slow change of physical peculiarities ; 

 Importance of the mental influence ; Retrospect . . .67 



4. Hereditary Transmission. Spontaneous origin of new peculiarities; 

 how rendered permanent ; Breeding of domestic animals ; Breed 

 of Otter Sheep ; Hungarian cattle ; Mental peculiarities heredi- 

 tary; Transmission of accidental peculiarities; Mutilation; Change 

 in the dog ; Origin of Races ; Morbid peculiarities ; Family pecu- 

 liarities ; House of Hapsburg ; Lambert family ; Six -fingered 

 peculiarity ; Albinism ; White Negroes ; White individuals among 

 the Blackfeet and Mandans ; Hereditary deformities cited by Gosse 

 and Wagner ; European and savage Children compared ; Psychical 

 peculiarities transmitted ; Children of Polynesia ; of South Ame- 

 rica, Arabia, South Africa, etc. ; Evidence of Incas ; Nott and 

 Gliddon on innate and inherited instincts ; Mechanical and artistic 

 talent transmitted ; Hereditary aristocracy of the Mind ; Trans- 

 mission of innate and organic individual peculiarities ; Retrospect 

 and results 80 



SECTION II. 



THE CHIEF ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES 

 WHICH DISTINGUISH THE VAEIOUS RACES. 



Man and Ape compared ; Traditions in India of ape-like Men ; Nott 

 and Gliddon on Negro and Orang-Utang ; the Negro type of the 

 Soudan, Kordofan, etc. ; their thickness of Skull ; Duncan, Som- 

 mering, Pruner-Bey, Tiedemann, Blumenbach, Lawrence, Morton, 

 Huschke, and others, on Negro Anatomy ; Negro features de- 

 scribed; Hair of the Negro, Hottentots, Bushmen, and Austral 

 Negroes ; The beard ; Vrolik on the limbs of Negro ; The hand and 

 foot of Negro, according to Burmeister, Sommering, and Duten- 

 hofer ; The blood of Negro ; His skin described, and the effects of 

 age and climate thereon; Peculiar exhalation from the Negro 

 skin ; Skull of Negroes, Australians, Americans, New Zealanders, 



