SECT. I.] CLIMATE. 53 



classes more than among the higher classes. The colour of the 

 inhabitants of New Jersey below the cataracts, is much darker 

 than that of the Pennsylvanians, as their country is flatter and 

 covered with stagnant waters. Along the south coast of Mary- 

 land and Virginia, the colour is deeper. The inhabitants of 

 the lowlands of Carolina and Georgia, especially the poorer and 

 working classes, are but little lighter than the Trokeese. They 

 are mostly so thin and lean tljat their limbs appear dispro- 

 portionately long. The hair is thicker and stiffer than in the 

 European, and does not readily curl. The stiffness increases 

 with every generation." 1 



The American as compared with the Englishman is lean, al- 

 though he grows fat after a long sojourn in Europe. There 

 obtains, however, in this respect, a difference between north 

 and south. The Virginian (the West Virginian excepted) 2 is 

 tall, slender, and lean ; the New Englander shorter, and has 

 mostly a round face ; both, it must be observed, are of the 

 same stock. " The genuine Yankee," says Carpenter, 3 {< may 

 be distinguished from the Englishman by the sharpness and 

 angularity of his features. There is an excess of breadth be- 

 tween the rami of the lower jaw, giving to the lower part of the 

 face a peculiar squareness in contrast to its oval form in the 

 Englishman, and which tends to assimilate the Anglo-American 

 to the aborigines of the country/' It has long been observed 

 that the English immigrants in North America are more vigor- 

 ous workmen than their descendants. 4 It may be observed that 

 the flesh of our domestic animals seems there to be less nutri- 

 tious and of less flavour, and that the breed of cattle is inferior. 5 

 Beside, the leanness, the stiff shaggy hair are also characteristics 

 of the American ; the curly hair of the European becomes 

 straight in America (Jarrold),*so that the American is, gene- 



1 Stanhope Smith, " On the Causes of the Variety of Complexion and 

 Figure," p. 68, New Brunsw., 1810 ; and Imlay, " Nachr. v. d. west Lande 

 der N. A. Freistaaten," im Magaz. der Keisebesch., ix, p. 126 : Vater, " Unters. 

 iiber Americas Bevolkerung aus. d. alten Continente," p. 71, 1810. 



* Kriegk in " Luedde's Zeitschrift fur Erdkunde," i, p. 484. 



3 Todd's " Cyclop, of Anat. and Physiol.," p. 1330. 



4 Johnston, "Notes on North America," 1851. 



5 Franz, " Anweisung zur Vervollk. der Viehzucht, p. 105 , and Clemens* 

 in der " Deutschen Vierteljahrschrift," ii, p. 78, 1849. 



