Si :< T. I.] ALIMENT. 63 



Algeria and Aleppo, says D'Escayrac, 1 ) in Mecca yellowish- 

 brown, and have neither the eagle nose nor the fine features of 

 the Bedouins ; in Jemen the noses are straight like the Greek 

 nose. In Hauran (south of Damascus) the Arabs are mostly 

 of short stature, small face, thin beard ; whilst the Fellahs are 

 taller and more robust, beard strong, but their eyes are less 

 piercing. This difference must be considered as the effect of 

 mode of life, as it was not appreciable before the sixteenth cen- 

 tury. 2 The Bedouins in the middle of the desert have, Negro- 

 like, almost woolly hair. In Nubia, south of Dongola, there are 

 Arabs of a shining black colour, who do not intermix with the 

 Negroes. 3 The Sheighias in Nubia, are of a shining black, 4 and 

 considered to be the finest men in the East, not excepting even 

 the Turks. 5 Hoskings, 6 however, calls them dark brown, and 

 observes, that they have sometimes larger nostrils and thicker 

 lips than Europeans, perhaps the result of intermixture with 

 the Negroes. 



That the size of the body depends essentially on nutrition 

 has been proved by various instances quoted by Milne Ed- 

 wards. 7 This is shown by the statistical information on stature, 

 furnished by the districts of Paris and the various departments 

 of France. The French military standard confirms the results 

 obtained. Before 1 789, the standard was five feet one inch, for 

 cavalry five feet three inches. Though, from 1816 the mean 

 height of the French was somewhat raised during the peace, 

 still the standard had to be lowered in 1818 to four feet nine 

 inches ; in 1830 and 1848 it was again lowered, as the requisite 

 number of recruits could not be obtained of the legal stan- 

 dard. 8 That the development of the trunk is essentially affected 

 by the activity of the muscles, is shown by the measurements 

 of Quetelet, of Europeans, Kaffirs, and Ojibbeways, compared 



1 " Die Afric. Wiiste u. das Land. d. Schwarzen/' p. 185, 1855. 

 s Hitter, " Erdk.," xv, p. 990. 



3 Priehard, iv, p. 590. , 



4 Waddington and Hanbury, " Journal of a Visit to some parts of Ethio- 

 pia," p. 122, 1822. 



3 Ibid., p. 194. 



6 " Travels in Ethiopia," p. 128, 1835. 



7 "Elemens de Zoologie," p. 254; compare also I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 

 " Ann. des Sc. Nat.," 1832 ; Froriep's " Notizen," 1833. 



8 " All. Zeitg./' No. 22, 1852. 



