SECT. I.] MENTAL CULTUEE. 73 



mixture with other races, partially lost their thick lips and 

 projecting lower jaw, and their original peculiarities had been 

 lessened under the influence of improved physical and moral 

 conditions. Williamson 1 confirms this improvement of the 

 Negro character, specially as regards the Negroes of Long 

 Island; and Lavaysse 2 speaks of a better physical and intel- 

 lectual condition of the Creole-Negroes, as founded upon the 

 general experience of the planters. Stanhope Smith 3 says ex- 

 pressly that he does not speak of Mulattoes, but of pure 

 Negroes, and observes that the well cared-for domestic slaves 

 in America lose gradually their specific disagreeable odour ; 

 that their hair becomes less crisp, and grows in the third 

 generation to the length of several inches. He states an in- 

 stance, confirmed by many observers, of a Negro who without 

 any disease had become white and straight haired. In New 

 Jersey specially there are Negroes to be found with straight 

 noses, well-formed foreheads, and straight incisors. 4 These 

 instances, although they may not be considered as perfectly 

 impartial observations, are too numerous, too definite, and too 

 free from any suspicion as to their sources, to be rejected off 

 hand. Two other circumstances are noteworthy j first, that the 

 greatest changes in the Negroes occur in the North of the 

 United States, whence it follows that the climatic conditions 

 have not been without their influence ; secondly, that just the 

 third generation is mentioned as that in which the metamor- 

 phosis becomes appreciable, the same generation of which 

 Philip 5 maintains that in the South African missions the shape 

 of the crania of the children deviates from its original form, and 

 commences to improve; and also Mallat 6 asserts, that in the 

 third generation the tamed Negrito, of Manilla, becomes modi- 

 fied, and approaches in form and character the Tagales. 

 Whether we are sceptical or not as to these instances, their 

 coincidence is remarkable, and worthy of further investigation. 



1 " Observations on the climate of America," p. 42, New York, 1811. 



2 LOG. cit., pp. 139, 141. 

 s Loc. cit., p. 265. 



4 Loc. cit., p. 91, 115, 170 



5 " Itesearches in S. Africa,** ii, p. 129, 1828. 

 e Les Philippines," i, p. 45, 1846. 



