76 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION. [PART I. 



W. F. Edwards 1 describes, as peculiarities frequently occur- 

 ing in Hungary globular head, low receding forehead, oblique 

 eyes, short flat nose, thick projecting lips, flat occiput, weak 

 beard, 2 short stature. This form is manifestly very different 

 from that of the Finns, nor can it be compared with that of the 

 Lapps. It is almost a caricature of the Mongolian type ; for the 

 Finns have short conical crania, flat temples, and globular occi- 

 put ; the skull of the Lapps is smaller and thinner. 3 One is 

 certainly inclined to doubt the theory of the absolute perman- 

 ence of types, and to adopt rather an extensive change in the 

 form of the crania by climate and intellectual pursuits, when it 

 is seen that Eetzius is obliged to deny the affinity between 

 Finns and Lapps, on account of the difference in shape of skull. 

 The Finns were, in former times, the free owners of the soil ; 

 their monuments and their poetry testify of a high culture in 

 past times ; while the Lapps ever have been, and still are, 

 miserable nomads. Might not the physical differences be 

 considered as having gradually arisen ? The Karele has an 

 oval skull ; the Savolax, a round one. The Tavastlander, a 

 squarish-round skull, and yet the Finnish speaking Karele, we 

 are told, is no Finn, but has lost his own language and appro- 

 priated another, merely because his head is oval. 4 Yet the 

 Croats and Dalmatians do not show the Sclavonian type; whilst 

 the old Egyptian type is still detected in the Fellahs ; and the 

 Greek type has been preserved in Greece, specially in the Morea 

 (Pouqueville), notwithstanding the great admixture of foreign 

 blood. 5 



There are other instances, very difficult to be explained from 

 intermixture alone. "We do not, therefore, consider that the 

 linguist is justified in conceding so much in this respect to the 

 anatomist and zoologist as Pott has done, who assumes 6 that 

 intermixture has produced an essential change in physical 



1 " Des caracteres phys. des races hum./' p. 73, 1829. 



2 The Magyars at this time have fine long beards, which are the objects of 

 particular care. 



3 Retzius in " Muller's archiv./' p. 109, 1845 ; compare also Hueck, " De 

 craniis Estonum," p. 10, 1838. 



4 Eetzius, loc. cit., p. 394, 1848. 



5 Edwards, loc. cit., p. 101. 



6 " Die ungleichheit menschl. Kassen," p. 147, 1856. 



