86 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION. [PART I. 



be distinguished from such as have become spotted from 

 disease, which frequently occurs also among Malabars and 

 Tartars. When, therefore, Bennett 1 speaks of an Australian with 

 flaxen hair, light-blue eyes, and a white skin covered with small 

 brown spots; and Raffenel, 2 of a Negro whose skin was as white 

 as that of sunburnt Europeans, whose beard and hair were red, 

 the iris greenish ; and when Proyart 3 describes a similar case, 

 reminding us of the well-known portrait in Blumenbach, these 

 instances relate to Albinism. 4 This, however, does not apply 

 to the instances mentioned by Lander, 5 of a light-brown man 

 of Negro descent with Negro features, brown eyes, and white 

 eyebrows ; and also of a ' ' coal-black " man with light-brown 

 eyes. Mollien 6 found among the Fulahs men nearly white, 

 who, he expressly declares, were not Albinoes ; and Prichard 

 cites similar instances. 



We shall, in the sequel, cite many cases exhibiting individual 

 deviations from the national type. These, however, can but 

 rarely become permanent, as the national type is always that 

 which harmonizes with the soil and the climate, and the ex- 

 ternal relations in which the respective peoples live. There 

 are, however, among the Black-feet and Mandans of North 

 America, some who have an almost white skin and ruddy 

 cheeks, and whole families with grey or mixed grey hair ; 7 and 

 among the Chaouia-Berbers in the Auras Mountains the absence 

 of the lobule of the ear, which also occurs among the Cagots in 

 Spain, has doubtless become general from an accidentally- 

 arisen peculiarity. 8 



Instances are not wanting of mutilations that have been 

 transmitted from parents to children; such, however, occur 

 less frequently, according to Blumenbach. The children of an 

 officer whose little finger had been cut across and become 



1 " Wanderings in N. S. Wales," i, p. 437, 1834. 



2 " Voy. dans 1' Afrique occ.," p. 228, 1846. 



3 " Hist, de Loango," p. 196, 1776. 



4 Details on its occurrence in Africa may be found in Eaffenel, "Nouv. 

 voy.," i, p. 227, 1856. 



5 " Eeise zur Erforschung des Niger," i, p. 124, 1833. 



6 " E. in d. Innere von Afr." p. 57, 1820. 



7 Prinz Max. zu Wied, " E. in N. Am.," ii, p. 106, 1839. 



8 Guyen, in 1'Institut, ii, p. 92, 1848 ; and "Nouv. ann. des voy.," ii, 

 p. 398, 1848. 



