SHOT. II.] NEGRO TYPE. $3 



The most distinctly-marked Negro-type is, as Prichard justly 

 observes, found only between the tropics, especially in the 

 interior of the northern half of that region, the so-called 

 Soudan, and on the western coast of Africa. According to 

 1,; it ham, 1 the Negro region extends only from the Niger to 

 Senegal, and a portion of Senaar, Kordofan, and Darfur. The 

 anthropological peculiarities found there are the following : 

 The skeleton of the Negro is heavier, the bones thicker and 

 larger in proportion to the muscles than in the European. 2 

 This is especially the case with regard to the skull, which is 

 hard and unusually thick, so that in fighting, Negroes, men and 

 women, butt each other like rams 3 without exhibiting much 

 sensibility. Among some of them, the temporal bone is imme- 

 diately connected with the frontal bone, as in the simia trocjlo- 

 //////>. ; this however is not constant, and is sometimes found 

 among Mongols. 4 Duncan 5 says that in Dahomey skulls with- 

 out any longitudinal or transverse sutures are by no means 

 rare. According to Sb'mmering, 6 the capacity of the skull is 

 absolutely less, and all the dimensions of the head smaller, 

 than in the European ; the efferent nerves are thicker and the 

 brain harder and smaller in proportion (Monroe, Pruner,) 

 decidedly as in apes. This has been generally denied by 

 Tiedemann, 7 but has in other respects been confirmed by him 

 in his representation of the cerebrum (Tab. v.) of a Bush- 

 woman, which in regard to development and convolutions is 

 not less inferior to that of the Negro than that of the latter to 

 the European. That the convolutions in the Negro brain are 

 less numerous and more massive than in the European (in 

 whom they also vary) appears certain. 8 The similarity of the 

 Negro brain to that of the ape is limited to this ; for the 

 cranial capacity of the Negro is not (as Blumenbach, Lawrence, 



1 "Nat. hist, of the var. of man," p. 471, 1850. 



2 Plainer " Die Krankheiten des Orients," p. 64, 1847. 



3 Hamilton Smith, " Nat. hist, of the human species," p. 190. 



4 Hollard, " De I'homme et des races hum.," p. 251, 1853. 

 s " Journey in West Africa," ii, p. 246, 1848. 



6 " Ueber d. korperl. Verschiedenheiten des Negers vom Europaer," p. 51, 

 1785. 



7 D. Him des Negers," 1837. 



8 " Burmeister Geol. Bilder," ii, 123. 



