SECT. II.] NEGRO TYPE. 95 



bones are prominent, and the thick flat nose, with wide 

 rils, projects, together with the jaws, from the face. The 

 ethmoid bone is much developed. To this has been ascribed 

 the great development of the sense of smell in the Negro, but 

 it must be remarked that this occurs only exceptionally among 

 Negro people. The nasal cavity is like the buccal cavity, more 

 ious than in the European ; the nasal cartilage is deficient 

 in development. 1 The lips (especially the upper lip) are puny, 

 and on that account very different from those of the ape ; their 

 colour varies from a dirty rose colour to that of cherry red, and 

 from dark red to tawny (Sommering), or is brown externally 

 and red internally. The upper jaw is stretched, directed for- 

 wards, the tongue thick and large, the palatine arch larger and 

 longer than in the European. The space for the teeth is said 

 to be very large, so that the hindmost molar tooth can be more 

 developed. There are sometimes six molars, the incisors are 

 not perpendicular, the superior especially are long and inclined 

 .forwards. The whiteness of the teeth, which has been con- 

 sidered as a peculiarity of the race, appears to be produced by 

 rubbing them with vegetable fibres, chalk, etc. 2 There are 

 also regions where many bad and decayed teeth are seen, 

 for instance, in Nyffe. The Negro has no inter-maxillary 

 bone, but only, as the European in childhood, a rut which 

 marks it. The chin is small, but broad and receding. The 

 masseter, as well as the temporal muscles, are much developed. 

 The external ear projects out of the head, is small, but not, as 

 in the monkey, broad and flat (Burmeister) ; it is more equally 

 rounded than in the European (Pruner), and as generally 

 among the inferior races the helix is said to be flatter, but the 

 trfiyiiH and the lobule smaller (Yollard, p. 99). The voice of the 

 Negro is low and hoarse in the males, but acute and shriek- 

 ling among the women (H. Smith). 



The hair of the Negro, which does not gradually, as in the 

 European, diminish towards the temple and the neck, ceases 



1 Dutenhofer, " Ueber die Emancip. d. Neger.," 1855. 



2 W. Miiller, " Die A-fr., Landschaft Fetu," 1676 ; Lander, " Eeise zur Er- 

 forschung des Niger," iii, p. 94, 1833 -, Eaffenel, " Voy. dans 1'Afr. occ.," p. 198, 



1846 ; Hecquard, " E. a. d. Kuste u. in d. innere v. West-Afr.," 1854. 



