SECT. II.] NEGRO TYPE. 99 



the structure of the skin between white and black men, a depo- 

 sition of pigment also taking place in the former, though in 

 lesser quantity. Kolliker observes that no microscopically 

 visible pigment is found where the skin is white ; but he adds 

 that it can be detected in the skin of Europeans of brown or 

 dark complexion. Krause 1 says that freckles and brown moles 

 in the skin of Europeans are in structure like the epidermis of 

 the Negro; 2 and that the skin of the white in hot climates 

 experienced an analogous change. The colour of the Negro 

 differs in various nations ; further, that the colour of the skin 

 can therefore not be considered as a specific difference from other 

 races, as it is chiefly dependent on external conditions. This is 

 supported by other considerations, chiefly by the fact, that the 

 Negro becomes lighter in advanced age; 3 and that the women, 

 during the years of menstruation, when the carbon is removed 

 by other means, are said to be lighter than the men (de 

 Miiller). It is finally also to be borne in mind that new-born 

 Negro children are of a light grey colour, and that in the 

 northern parts of the Negro region the children become only 

 perfectly black in the third year (Pruner). Camper 4 saw a 

 Negro child that at birth was of a reddish colour, then became 

 first black around the nails and the nipples, on the third day 

 the genitals became coloured, and on the fifth and sixth day 

 the whole body. Children born in the cold season take a 

 longer time in becoming black. The children of the Arabs in 

 the south, even where they have not intermixed with the 

 Negroes, but have their colour, exhibit at birth a copper 

 colour ; 5 whilst those of the American race are at birth of a 

 yellowish-white or reddish-brown colour. 6 Those of the native 

 Australians in the environs of Adelaide are immediately after 

 birth of a yellowish-brown, and only become dark at a later 

 period. 7 



1 Art. Haut., in Wagner's handworterb., p. 15, 123. 



2 Compare Simon in Miiller's " Archiv.," p. 167, 1840. 



3 Carne's " Journ> of a voy. to the West Coast of Africa," p. 372, Boston, 1852. 



4 " Kleine Schriften.," i, p. 24, 1782. 



5 D'Escayrac, loc. cit. 



6 Prinz Max., loc. cit., p. 103, 1839. 



7 Koeler in monatsb. der ges. f. Erdk., iii, 44. 



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