SECT. II.] NEGRO TYPE. 105 



pr nine inches high, without our being able to assign want of 

 food or misery as the cause of it. They are, excepting the 

 Bushmen (which, on the average, are about four feet high) 

 (Lichtenstein), the shortest race on the globe. The giant and 

 pigmy races of which old travellers speak have vanished, and 

 thus it will probably be with the tailed men. 1 The appendages 

 having, as in Sumatra, proved to be pieces of dress made of 

 bark or skins, which were hanging down behind. 



The Hottentots and Bushmen, though differing from the 

 Negroes (especially in the form of the head and physiognomy), 

 possess the chief peculiarities of the Negro type. Thunberg 2 

 describes the vertebral column of the Hottentots as strongly 

 curved inwards. The upper thighbone of the Bushmen resem- 

 bles more that of the ape than that of Europeans. Cuvier, in 

 his minute description of a Bushwoman, has, independent of 

 other peculiarities belonging to the negro-type, drawn attention 

 to the smallness of the ear, and a deficiency in the posterior 

 pdge, resembling the ear of the ape, and compares the fat 

 cushions upon the hips of the Hottentot women to similar for- 

 mations in some female monkeys, as in the Mandrill and 

 Pavian, whilst Desmoulins combats this analogy. Fatty 

 cushions upon the hips are also observed in Negresses 

 (Pruner) in Congo, Mandara, among the Makuas and Kaffirs, 

 and even among the women of the Southern Tuaryks, where 

 they have intermixed with the blacks. 3 This peculiarity is also 

 met with among the Nubian and also the Somali females. 4 

 Among some Negroes these appendages are considered a par- 

 ticular beauty. The women about Cape Coast wear cushions 5 

 on this part, which reminds us of a recent European fashion. 

 Finally, we may mention the much talked-of Hottentot apron, 



1 Compare Castelnau, " Renseignements sur I 5 Afr. centrale," 1851, and 

 Tremaux in " Bullet, soc. geogr.," i, p. 139, 1855. 



2 " R. durch eines Theil. v. Eur., Afr., und As./' ii, p. 168, 1792. 



3 Omboni, p. 161 ; Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney, " Narr. of trav. in 

 Afr.," 2nd ed., p. 201, 1826; Bunbury, "Journal of a resid. at the Cape," 

 p. 159, 1848 ; Barth, " R. und Entdeckungen," i, pp. 328, 599. 



4 Burton, "First footsteps in East Afr.," p. 108, 1856; Comber, " Voy. en 

 Egypte, en Nubie, etc.," ii, p. 215, 1846. 



4 Cunka Huntley, "Seven years service on the Slave Coast," i, p. 70, 

 1850. 



