SECT. II.] ACCLIMATIZATION. 131 



what Pallme 1 says of their sad condition, that the reason is not 

 so much because of the sanitary state of the troops, but rather 

 that the blacks are more easily managed. 2 In St. Felipe de 

 Benguela all white women either miscarry, or bring forth weakly 

 children who die during the first few months. 3 The country 

 around the N'gami lake seems to be uninhabitable for the 

 white, on account of the fevers ; the natives alone can support 

 it. 4 The climate of other countries in the tropics is likewise 

 injurious to Europeans, though in a less degree than the 

 African climate. According to Bryson, 5 the mortality of English 

 soldiers in the East Indies is annually 15. per cent. ; in the West 

 Indies 18.1 ; in Africa 58.4. Of 100 European soldiers in 

 East India there live, if well taken care of, and exclusive of 

 such who are carried off by wars, after 5 years, 70 ; after 10 

 years, 45 ; after 15 years, 25 ; and after 20 years, only 10. 6 

 In the presidency of Bengal the mortality of the English Euro- 

 pean soldiers reaches annually 1 in 13.55; among the natives,! in 

 56 ; in the presidency of Madras, 1 in 26 of the former and 1 in 

 47' 7 of the latter. 7 To prolong his life in the West Indies, the 

 European requires great care and rest ; violent efforts are most 

 injurious tnere as well as in Gruiana. 8 Reichardt, however, 

 maintains that the debility and sickening of the Europeans in 

 onany tropical countries, and especially in Central America, 

 are wrongly ascribed to the climate : they are rather the indi- 

 rrect consequences of slavery, indolence, sensual gratification, 

 and an irregular mode of life. 9 The incapability of French 

 soldiers to perform more than half the amount of bodily labour 

 hot climates, has been established by Coulomb at Mar- 



1 " Beschr. von Kordofan," p. 122, 1843. 



2 Mohammed el Tounsy, "Voy. au Darfour," p. 295, Paris, 1845 ; PaUme, 

 " Beschr. v. Kordofan," pp. 7, 117, 122, 1843 ; Guillain, "Docum. sur 1'hist. la 

 -geogr., et le comm. de Air. Orient.," ii, pp. 1, 93, 1856 ; Allen and Thomson, 



" Narr. of the exped. to the K. Niger," ii, p. 198, 1848. 



3 Spix and Martins, " Keise," p. 669. 



4 Livingstone, " Journal K. Geogr. Soc.," xxi, p. 20. 



5 " Report on the climate and princ. diseases of the Afr. station," p. 178. 



6 Ausland, p. 968, 1855. 



7 Dieterici, Uber d. Sterblichkeitverh. in Europa, Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1851, 

 p. 732 : Compare M'Culloch in Quetelet, p. 624. 



8 Graf. Gortz, "Keise," ii, p. 290. 



9 Nicaragua, p. 280, 1854. 



K2 



