SECT. II.] THE SENSES. 141 



no longer savages, but reclaimed Indians (Indios mansos), 

 distinguish by the smell in the abandoned huts the particular 

 tribes of Indians to which they belonged. 1 In North America 

 the Indian prisoners have in former times been employed by 

 the whites to track the enemy, which they did chiefly by the 

 smell. Colonel Church, who distinguished himself by his 

 bravery against the Indians during the first settlement of the 

 Europeans, observes, in his history of the war against the 

 Indian chief Philipp, that the sense of smell of a native is 

 but little inferior to that of a bloodhound. 2 Their sense of 

 smell is said to be so acute, that they cannot bear the strong 

 odour of musk or the like, and they protest that no odour is 

 so agreeable to them as that of the various kinds of food. 3 

 It seems, therefore, a strange exception, that the Potawatomis 

 are inferior in this respect to the whites. 4 Also among the 

 tribes of Lower Columbia taste and smell are obtuse, but sight 

 and hearing acute. 5 In the Negro, 6 the olfactory, optic and 

 trigeminal nerves are much developed, yet the sense of sight 

 is but moderate; but the hearing is more acute and better 

 developed than in the Egyptian. This should caution us against 

 assuming, as has often been done theoretically, great acuteness 

 from the size of any organ of sense. Thus the considerable 

 development of the ethmoid bone and the organ of smell in 

 the Negro has been considered as an approximation to the brute; 

 opposed to which Jarrold observed, that the Negro did not use 

 his sense of smell to a greater extent than other races, and that, 

 despite the large development of the organ, he effects less 

 by his smell than the native American. Though the approxi- 

 mation, in this respect, to the brute may be admitted on ana- 

 tomical grounds, it is inadmissible from a physiological point 

 of view. The inhabitants of Kordofan are certainly able, when 

 they pursue fugitive slaves, to trace, like hounds, the tracks of 



1 Feldner, " Reisen durch Brasil," ii, p. 146, 1828. Compare, " Memoirs of 

 the Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania," iii, p. 128. 



2 Drake, ' The book of the Indians, biogr. and hist.," Boston, 1845. " 



3 Heriot, " Trav. through the Canadas," p. 152, 1807. 



4 Keating, "Narr. of an exped. to the source of St. Peter's E.," i, p. 136, 1825. 



5 Parker, "Journal of an explor. tour beyond the Rocky Mountains," 

 p. 242, 1838. 



6 Pruner, " Ztschrft. der morgenl. Ges.," i, p. 132. 



