SECT. III.] INTEEMIXTUEE OP EACES. 179 



provement of the race, or of a superior education, and of more 

 intercourse with the whites. 1 In French West India (Gua- 

 deloupe) nearly all the trades are in the hands of Mulattoes, 

 and some of them are rich. 2 They have in 1830 recovered 

 again their civil rights, which the code noir of the year 1855 

 had given them, but later decrees had deprived them of. Their 

 intelligence and activity render them hateful to the Creoles. 3 

 In Peru many Mulattoes study theology ; most physicians in 

 Lima belong to this caste. 4 In the northern parts of Brazil 

 (Bahia, Pernambuco, Maranham), they form a large and active 

 portion of the population. 5 In every rank of society, among 

 lawyers, physicians, statesmen, and scholars in Brazil, there 

 are Mulattoes who distinguish themselves by talent and intelli- 

 gence ; they seem also to possess great capacity for the fine arts, 

 so that men of colour are there received in the best society. 

 Many Mulattoes pass there for whites, and occupy the same 

 position, after their documents have declared them as such. 6 

 A. de St. Hilaire 7 is of opinion that the Mulattoes in Brazil 

 excel the white in intellect and talent, though they are morally 

 inferior, and share with the Negro the fickleness of character. 

 The Mestizo, who stands nearer to the white by a generation, 

 is inferior to the Mulatto, the latter being more active than the 

 former; thus it is in Brazil, Peru, and Mexico. 8 Koster 9 alone 

 maintains that they possess greater courage and more self- 

 esteem than the Mulattoes, and are, consequently, less subor- 

 dinate to the white than the latter. The Mestizo is less 

 vigorous, often indolent and undecided ; still he is gentle, com- 

 passionate, easily excited, but of a changeable disposition, and 

 without valour. The Mexican Mestizoes possess great intel- 

 lectual endowments ; they have a ready wit, are quick of appre- 



1 Lyell, " Second voyage/' p. 266. 



2 Granier de Cassagnac, " Voy. aux Antilles," i, p. 255, 1843. 



3 Oelsner-montmerque, d. Creole, e. Vorlesung, p. 23, 1848. 



* Tschudi, i, p. 167. 



5 Kendu " Etudes sur le Bresil," p. 30, 1848. 



* De Lisboa, " Bullet, soc. ethuol.," p. 58, Jan. 1847. 



7 Loc. cit., ii, p. 52. 



8 Spix and Martius, p. 607; Tschudi, i, p. 165; Humboldt, " Neu-Spa- 

 nien," i, p. 184. 



9 "R. in Brasilien," p. 553, 1817. 



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