SECT. III.] INTERMIXTURE OF RACES. 187 



It is certainly much more easy to assert the sterility of Mu- 

 lattoes than to refute it by the few observations we possess on 

 this subject. Wherever sterility occurs it appears rather as an 

 isolated fact, the local nature of which does not admit of its 

 being laid down as a general rule. Thus we must consider it as 

 a local phenomenon that the mongrels of Negroes, Indians, and 

 Whites in Panama are very prolific between each other, but can- 

 not easily rear their children, whilst families of pure blood are 

 less prolific, but bring their children up. 1 The progeny of 

 the Chinese by Malay women in the East Indian Archipelago 

 are said to die early. 2 According to Dr. Yvan, the children of 

 the Dutch and Malay women in Java (Lipplapps) are said to be 

 only productive to the third generation. They are well de- 

 veloped up to the fifteenth year, when they remain stationary ; 

 in the third generation chiefly daughters are born, and these 

 remain barren. 3 But all this is an exceptional local phenome- 

 non, for elsewhere these mongrels remain prolific. 4 As a 

 parallel to the sterility of mongrels may be mentioned the 

 assertion, that the children of Europeans in Batavia become 

 frequently sterile in the second generation. 5 



Setting aside the Mulattoes, it has frequently been asserted 

 that mongrels of every kind can only perpetuate themselves by 

 an infusion of fresh blood from the parent stock, not having 

 between themselves an unlimited prolificacy. That children of 

 mongrels are produced in great numbers is already proved by 

 the variety of names given to them in South America : 

 Choles, children of Zamboes ; Kaskes, children of Mulattoes ; 

 Tente en el ayre, children of mongrels of the same degree, 6 etc. 

 The significance of these terms 7 is given by Blumenbach and by 



1 Seemann, " R. u. d. Welt," i, p. 314, 1853. 



2 " Ztschft. der morgenl. Ges.," vi, p. 573. 



3 Graf Gorz, Reise, iii, p. 288. 



4 Quatrefages, " Revue des deux mondes," Mars, p. 162, 1857. 



s Steen Bille, " Bericht iiber d. E. de Galathea," i, p. 376, 1852. 



6 Ulloa, "Voy.," i, p. 28, 1752. 



7 As an illustration of this confusion of terms, the following will serve : 

 In the "West Indies the native Whites are called Creoles ; in Brazil, the 

 Blacks who are born there (Steen Bille says, the Blacks only are called so 

 in Brazil). In Peru, the children of Whites and Mestizoes are called 

 Creoles. In Russian America, the Mestizoes are generally designated as 

 Creoles (Erman's " Archiv," ii, p. 461) ; and in East India, the term is used 



