188 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION. [PART 



* 



le. 



VollgrafF. 1 A continued admixture of fresh blood of one ele- 

 ment, without a corresponding addition on the other side, would 

 be a sure means of destroying the type, and reducing the 

 people to its original, that is to say, the character of the mon- 

 grels could not be preserved under such circumstances. Hence 

 those who consider a fresh infusion as indispensable are obliged 

 to deny the capacity of mixed peoples to perpetuate them- 

 selves. 



In addition to the preceding instances of mixed populations 

 which subsist independently, we would also mention those of 

 Mexico and the Philippines, possessing partly an undoubted 

 mixed population of Spaniards and natives; of Nicaragua, 

 which, besides 10,000 whites, 15,000 Negroes, and 80,000 

 Indians, has a Mestizo population of 145,000 souls; 2 the 

 province S. Paulo, with a thoroughly mixed population ; and 

 Paraguay, where the Mestizoes (mongrels of Spaniards and 

 Ghiaranis) intermarry, and the progeny of which forms the great 

 mass of the so-called Spanish population ; 3 New Granada, pos- 

 sessing a mixed population sprung from Spaniards, Indians, 

 and Negroes, in which the Spanish blood is greatly predomi- 

 nating, but, in spite of their designation as whites, are not free 

 from Indian and Negro blood ; 4 Caraccas, where the mixed popu- 

 lation form the majority, 5 and we do not hear anything of de- 

 fective vitality, diminution, or decay. We learn, on the con- 

 trary, that the Mestizoes in New Granada, as well as in the 



in the same sense (Pfyffer, " Skizzen v. d. Insel. Java," p. 67, 1829). The 

 Mulatto is called Pardo in Brazil ; in Buenos Ayres, Mestizo ; who again in 

 Brazil is called Mamaluco. The child of a Negro and Mulatto is, in Peru 

 and the West Indies, called Zambo ; elsewhere the mongrel of the Ameri- 

 can and Negro race has the name of Chino; Caboglo in Surinam; Ca- 

 riboco in Brazil (A. de St. Hilaire, ii, p. 271). Unanne (" Observ. sobre el 

 clima de Lima," p. 105, 1815) enumerates all the crossbreeds found in Peru, 

 with their names. " Quadroon" is the child of a white man and a mulatto 

 woman ; " Tertroon" does not seem to be applied in Peru. The child of a 

 Negro and Chino is also called " Zarnbo," like that of a Negro and Mulatto wo- 

 man; the child of a Negro and Zambo is called " Zambo prieto." The names ap- 

 plied to crossbreeds in Mexico are given by Muehlenpfordt (i, p. 200) and Gr. 

 A. Thompson (" Narr. of official visit to Guatemala," p. 523, 1829.) 



1 " Ethnognosie und Ethnologie," i, p. 233. 



2 Scherzer, " Wanderungen durch d. Mittelam. Freist," p. 125, 1857. 



3 Azara, " Voy. dans 1'Am. merid.," ed. Walckenaer, ii, p. 265, 1809; see 

 Demersay, "Bullet, soc. geogr." i, p. 5, 1854. 



4 Mollien, "Voy. dans la Eepubl. de Colombia," i, p. 150; ii, p. 160, 1824. 



5 Semple, " Sketch of the present state of Caraccas," pp. 53, 105, 1812. 



